{"schemaVersion":1,"name":"Cangjie · 仓颉 character collection","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters","humanReadable":"https://hellocangjie.com/llms-full.txt","languages":["en","zh-Hans"],"count":82,"notes":{"pronunciation":"Pinyin represents modern Mandarin pronunciation, not reconstructed ancient pronunciation.","evidence":"A learning view, not a continuous historical timeline. Selected historical examples, variants, and evidence gaps remain distinct. A gap means this collection has not included a suitable identified, reusable specimen; it is not proof that a form never existed.","originTraces":"Origin traces incomplete is a provisional editorial selection of characters with unclear links in early forms, original meaning, or development. It does not necessarily mean scholarly disagreement. An absent label does not establish certainty, and missing images in this collection are a separate issue.","illustrations":"Teaching illustrations and animated intermediate shapes are educational aids, not ancient specimens. Modern typeset characters are not historical calligraphy specimens.","traditions":"Historical development, parallel writing traditions, and modern traditional/simplified conventions are different kinds of relationship. The parallel writing-traditions panel is currently hidden in the app; the records here cover the visible early forms and modern conventions.","reuse":"Access does not grant additional reuse rights. Historical images retain their individual source attributions and permissions. See the Terms of Service and linked source records."},"terms":"https://hellocangjie.com/terms","characters":[{"id":"ri","slug":"ri-sun","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/ri-sun","simplified":"日","traditional":"日","pinyin":{"value":"rì","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"sun / day","zh-Hans":"太阳／日"},"category":{"id":"nature","label":{"en":"Nature","zh-Hans":"自然"},"collectionGroup":"nature-seasons"},"summary":{"en":"An outline for the sun with a mark inside. Early rounded forms and later squared forms share an enclosed center.","zh-Hans":"太阳的外轮廓中带有标记。早期较圆的字形和后来较方的字形都保留了围合的中心。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"An internal dot or stroke is visible in examples. Its presence should not be turned into an unsupported story.","zh-Hans":"字例中能看到内部的点或横画，但不应据此编造没有证据支持的故事。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E6%97%A5"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"In the world","zh-Hans":"身边的事物"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"An outline for the sun with a mark inside. Early rounded forms and later squared forms share an enclosed center.","zh-Hans":"太阳的外轮廓中带有标记。早期较圆的字形和后来较方的字形都保留了围合的中心。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 鐵180.2 合5216. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：鐵180.2 合5216。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E6%97%A5-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/ri-oracle.png","attribution":"日-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Western Zhou · source attribution","zh-Hans":"西周 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 師虎簋 (mid Western Zhou). The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：師虎簋 (mid Western Zhou)。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E6%97%A5-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/ri-bronze.png","attribution":"日-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: AnonMoos; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites s04780. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：s04780。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E6%97%A5-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/ri-seal.png","attribution":"日-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"日","simplified":"日","observation":{"en":"日 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「日」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"yue","slug":"yue-moon","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/yue-moon","simplified":"月","traditional":"月","pinyin":{"value":"yuè","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"moon","zh-Hans":"月亮"},"category":{"id":"nature","label":{"en":"Nature","zh-Hans":"自然"},"collectionGroup":"nature-seasons"},"summary":{"en":"A crescent-shaped moon. Early examples use a curved outline; internal marks vary between examples.","zh-Hans":"像弯弯的月亮。早期字形的轮廓弯曲，内部笔画有不同写法。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"月 can also be the modern form of a component related to 肉 (flesh). That is a different history.","zh-Hans":"现代汉字中的月形部件也可能源自「肉」，两者的来源不同。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E6%9C%88"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"In the world","zh-Hans":"身边的事物"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"A crescent-shaped moon. Early examples use a curved outline; internal marks vary between examples.","zh-Hans":"像弯弯的月亮。早期字形的轮廓弯曲，内部笔画有不同写法。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 簠天1 合33694 歷組. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：簠天1 合33694 歷組。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E6%9C%88-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/yue-oracle.png","attribution":"月-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites b10357. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：b10357。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E6%9C%88-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/yue-bronze.png","attribution":"月-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Chanueting; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites s04916. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：s04916。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E6%9C%88-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/yue-seal.png","attribution":"月-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Yug; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"月","simplified":"月","observation":{"en":"月 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「月」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"shan","slug":"shan-mountain","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/shan-mountain","simplified":"山","traditional":"山","pinyin":{"value":"shān","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"mountain","zh-Hans":"山"},"category":{"id":"nature","label":{"en":"Nature","zh-Hans":"自然"},"collectionGroup":"nature-seasons"},"summary":{"en":"Look for a cluster of peaks. Early forms depict a mountain ridge; the taller middle peak is still easy to imagine in 山.","zh-Hans":"找一找相连的山峰。早期字形描画山峦；今天的「山」仍让人联想到中间较高的山峰。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"These are selected examples, not a frame-by-frame record. Their shared outline does not prove that one specific inscription became another.","zh-Hans":"这里展示的是选取的字例，并非逐步演变的完整记录。相似的轮廓不能证明某个铭文直接变成另一个。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E5%B1%B1"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"In the world","zh-Hans":"身边的事物"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Look for a cluster of peaks. Early forms depict a mountain ridge; the taller middle peak is still easy to imagine in 山.","zh-Hans":"找一找相连的山峰。早期字形描画山峦；今天的「山」仍让人联想到中间较高的山峰。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 合5431. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：合5431。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%B1%B1-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/shan-oracle.svg","attribution":"山-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites b14270. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：b14270。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%B1%B1-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/shan-bronze.svg","attribution":"山-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Yug; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites s06639. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：s06639。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%B1%B1-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/shan-seal.svg","attribution":"山-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"山","simplified":"山","observation":{"en":"山 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「山」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"mu","slug":"mu-tree","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/mu-tree","simplified":"木","traditional":"木","pinyin":{"value":"mù","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"tree / wood","zh-Hans":"树木／木材"},"category":{"id":"plant","label":{"en":"Plant","zh-Hans":"植物"},"collectionGroup":"animals-plants"},"summary":{"en":"A tree with a trunk, branches above, and roots below. The outline became a compact written sign.","zh-Hans":"像一棵树：中间是树干，上方是枝条，下方是树根；后来成为紧凑的文字符号。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"The drawing is a memory aid, not a reconstruction of one original tree or glyph.","zh-Hans":"插图帮助记忆，并不是对某棵树或最初字形的复原。"},"sources":["https://chin.eduhk.mers.hk/document/chaoyat_teaching_plan_ep01.pdf?time=1647178526430"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"In the world","zh-Hans":"身边的事物"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"A tree with a trunk, branches above, and roots below. The outline became a compact written sign.","zh-Hans":"像一棵树：中间是树干，上方是枝条，下方是树根；后来成为紧凑的文字符号。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites j14138. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：j14138。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E6%9C%A8-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/mu-tree-oracle.png","attribution":"木-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Yug; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites b08565. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：b08565。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E6%9C%A8-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/mu-tree-bronze.png","attribution":"木-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Chanueting; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites s03946. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：s03946。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E6%9C%A8-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/mu-tree-seal.png","attribution":"木-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"木","simplified":"木","observation":{"en":"木 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「木」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"shui","slug":"shui-water","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/shui-water","simplified":"水","traditional":"水","pinyin":{"value":"shuǐ","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"water","zh-Hans":"水"},"category":{"id":"nature","label":{"en":"Nature","zh-Hans":"自然"},"collectionGroup":"nature-seasons"},"summary":{"en":"A flowing stream: a central line with smaller marks alongside it. Early examples preserve a sense of moving water.","zh-Hans":"像流动的水：中间有一道线，两侧有小笔画。早期字形保留了流水的形象。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"Compare visible lines; their shapes alone cannot establish why scribes changed them.","zh-Hans":"可以比较可见的线条，但不能仅凭形状确定书写者改变它们的原因。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E6%B0%B4"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"In the world","zh-Hans":"身边的事物"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"A flowing stream: a central line with smaller marks alongside it. Early examples preserve a sense of moving water.","zh-Hans":"像流动的水：中间有一道线，两侧有小笔画。早期字形保留了流水的形象。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 甲903 合34165. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：甲903 合34165。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E6%B0%B4-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/shui-oracle.png","attribution":"水-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Western Zhou · source attribution","zh-Hans":"西周 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 沈子它簋蓋 (early Western Zhou). The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：沈子它簋蓋 (early Western Zhou)。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E6%B0%B4-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/shui-bronze.png","attribution":"水-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites s07887. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：s07887。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E6%B0%B4-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/shui-seal.png","attribution":"水-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"水","simplified":"水","observation":{"en":"水 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「水」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"huo","slug":"huo-fire","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/huo-fire","simplified":"火","traditional":"火","pinyin":{"value":"huǒ","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"fire","zh-Hans":"火"},"category":{"id":"nature","label":{"en":"Nature","zh-Hans":"自然"},"collectionGroup":"nature-seasons"},"summary":{"en":"Flames rise and spread. Early forms use a central shape with strokes extending on either side.","zh-Hans":"火焰向上、向两旁展开。早期字形在中间形状的两侧伸出笔画。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"CUHK reports no independent bronze-inscription 火 in its dataset. A component in another graph is different evidence.","zh-Hans":"中大字库未见独立的金文「火」字。其他字中的部件属于不同的证据。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E7%81%AB"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"In the world","zh-Hans":"身边的事物"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Flames rise and spread. Early forms use a central shape with strokes extending on either side.","zh-Hans":"火焰向上、向两旁展开。早期字形在中间形状的两侧伸出笔画。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 前6.49.3 合17067. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：前6.49.3 合17067。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%81%AB-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/huo-oracle.png","attribution":"火-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze · component in 赤","zh-Hans":"金文 ·「赤」中的部件"},"period":{"en":"Western Zhou · source attribution","zh-Hans":"西周 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"This is a component extracted from 赤, not an independent inscription of 火. The file record cites 麥方鼎 (early Western Zhou); taken from 赤. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"这是从「赤」中取出的部件，并非独立使用的「火」铭文。 文件记录标注：麥方鼎 (early Western Zhou); taken from 赤。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%81%AB-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/huo-bronze.png","attribution":"火-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites s07261. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：s07261。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%81%AB-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/huo-seal.png","attribution":"火-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"火","simplified":"火","observation":{"en":"火 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「火」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"ma","slug":"ma-horse","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/ma-horse","simplified":"马","traditional":"馬","pinyin":{"value":"mǎ","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"horse","zh-Hans":"马"},"category":{"id":"animal","label":{"en":"Animal","zh-Hans":"动物"},"collectionGroup":"animals-plants"},"summary":{"en":"Early horse forms show an animal in profile, with head, mane, body, and legs. Later writing compresses those details.","zh-Hans":"早期字形像侧面的马，可以辨认头、鬃毛、身体和腿；后来的书写使这些细节变得紧凑。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"Modern 馬 and 马 are character-form conventions. They are not two successive calligraphic styles.","zh-Hans":"现代的「馬」和「马」是繁简字形规范，不是先后出现的两种书法风格。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E9%A6%AC"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"In the world","zh-Hans":"身边的事物"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Early horse forms show an animal in profile, with head, mane, body, and legs. Later writing compresses those details.","zh-Hans":"早期字形像侧面的马，可以辨认头、鬃毛、身体和腿；后来的书写使这些细节变得紧凑。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites j22174. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：j22174。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E9%A6%AC-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/ma-oracle.png","attribution":"馬-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Remsense; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Western Zhou · source attribution","zh-Hans":"西周 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 彔伯⿹戈冬簋蓋 (mid Western Zhou). The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：彔伯⿹戈冬簋蓋 (mid Western Zhou)。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E9%A6%AC-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/ma-bronze.png","attribution":"馬-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Remsense; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites S06958. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：S06958。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E9%A6%AC-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/ma-seal.png","attribution":"馬-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Remsense; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"馬","simplified":"马","observation":{"en":"Compare 馬 with 马: the simplified form has fewer strokes. Both are modern character conventions, not successive calligraphic styles.","zh-Hans":"并排看「馬」和「马」：现代简体笔画较少。两者是现代字形规范，并非先后替代的书法风格。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"niao","slug":"niao-bird","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/niao-bird","simplified":"鸟","traditional":"鳥","pinyin":{"value":"niǎo","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"bird","zh-Hans":"鸟"},"category":{"id":"animal","label":{"en":"Animal","zh-Hans":"动物"},"collectionGroup":"animals-plants"},"summary":{"en":"A bird seen from the side, with a head, beak, body, and tail. Follow the silhouette before counting strokes.","zh-Hans":"像侧面的鸟，有头、嘴、身体和尾巴。先观察外形，再数笔画。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"The four dots in 鳥 relate to the bird’s feet in the graphic history; they do not mean fire here.","zh-Hans":"「鳥」下方的四点在字形演变中与鸟足有关，这里并不表示火。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E9%B3%A5"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"In the world","zh-Hans":"身边的事物"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"A bird seen from the side, with a head, beak, body, and tail. Follow the silhouette before counting strokes.","zh-Hans":"像侧面的鸟，有头、嘴、身体和尾巴。先观察外形，再数笔画。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites j09544. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：j09544。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E9%B3%A5-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/niao-oracle.png","attribution":"鳥-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Chanueting; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites B05748. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：B05748。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E9%B3%A5-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/niao-bronze.png","attribution":"鳥-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Justinrleung; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites s02703. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：s02703。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E9%B3%A5-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/niao-seal.png","attribution":"鳥-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Chanueting; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"鳥","simplified":"鸟","observation":{"en":"Compare 鳥 with 鸟: the simplified form has fewer strokes. Both are modern character conventions, not successive calligraphic styles.","zh-Hans":"并排看「鳥」和「鸟」：现代简体笔画较少。两者是现代字形规范，并非先后替代的书法风格。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"yu","slug":"yu-fish","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/yu-fish","simplified":"鱼","traditional":"魚","pinyin":{"value":"yú","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"fish","zh-Hans":"鱼"},"category":{"id":"animal","label":{"en":"Animal","zh-Hans":"动物"},"collectionGroup":"animals-plants"},"summary":{"en":"Early forms picture a fish with a head, body, fins, and tail. The modern character holds those features in a smaller space.","zh-Hans":"早期字形描画鱼的头、身体、鳍和尾巴；现代字把这些部分收进更紧凑的空间。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"The four lower dots in 魚 developed from the tail in its graphic history. They are not flames.","zh-Hans":"「魚」下方的四点在字形演变中来自鱼尾，并不是火焰。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E9%AD%9A"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"In the world","zh-Hans":"身边的事物"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Early forms picture a fish with a head, body, fins, and tail. The modern character holds those features in a smaller space.","zh-Hans":"早期字形描画鱼的头、身体、鳍和尾巴；现代字把这些部分收进更紧凑的空间。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 前4.56.1 合10492. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：前4.56.1 合10492。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E9%AD%9A-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/yu-fish-oracle.png","attribution":"魚-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Western Zhou · source attribution","zh-Hans":"西周 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 魚爵（西周早期）集成7543. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：魚爵（西周早期）集成7543。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E9%AD%9A-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/yu-fish-bronze.png","attribution":"魚-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: 沈澄心; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites 195. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：195。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E9%AD%9A-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/yu-fish-seal.png","attribution":"魚-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: 沈澄心; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"魚","simplified":"鱼","observation":{"en":"Compare 魚 with 鱼: the simplified form has fewer strokes. Both are modern character conventions, not successive calligraphic styles.","zh-Hans":"并排看「魚」和「鱼」：现代简体笔画较少。两者是现代字形规范，并非先后替代的书法风格。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"mu-eye","slug":"mu-eye","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/mu-eye","simplified":"目","traditional":"目","pinyin":{"value":"mù","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"eye","zh-Hans":"眼睛"},"category":{"id":"body","label":{"en":"Body","zh-Hans":"身体"},"collectionGroup":"body-actions"},"summary":{"en":"An eye with an outer contour and a pupil. Many early examples lie horizontally; later forms stand upright.","zh-Hans":"像眼睛的外轮廓和瞳孔。许多早期字形横放，后来的字形竖立。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"A change in orientation is visible. This does not by itself establish a single cause for the change.","zh-Hans":"方向的改变是可见的，但仅凭这一点不能确定改变的唯一原因。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E7%9B%AE"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"In the world","zh-Hans":"身边的事物"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"An eye with an outer contour and a pupil. Many early examples lie horizontally; later forms stand upright.","zh-Hans":"像眼睛的外轮廓和瞳孔。许多早期字形横放，后来的字形竖立。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 鐵16.1 合11654. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：鐵16.1 合11654。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%9B%AE-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/mu-eye-oracle.png","attribution":"目-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Western Zhou · source attribution","zh-Hans":"西周 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 𥉅且壬爵 (early Western Zhou). The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：𥉅且壬爵 (early Western Zhou)。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%9B%AE-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/mu-eye-bronze.png","attribution":"目-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Chanueting; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites s02399. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：s02399。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%9B%AE-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/mu-eye-seal.png","attribution":"目-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"目","simplified":"目","observation":{"en":"目 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「目」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"kou","slug":"kou-mouth","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/kou-mouth","simplified":"口","traditional":"口","pinyin":{"value":"kǒu","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"mouth","zh-Hans":"嘴"},"category":{"id":"body","label":{"en":"Body","zh-Hans":"身体"},"collectionGroup":"body-actions"},"summary":{"en":"An open mouth, reduced to an enclosing outline. The modern square is a written convention, not an anatomical drawing.","zh-Hans":"张开的嘴简化为一个围合的轮廓。今天的方框是书写形式，不是解剖图。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"Early 口 and other small enclosing graphs need careful identification in their inscriptional context.","zh-Hans":"辨认早期的「口」和其他小型围合字形时，需要结合铭文语境。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E5%8F%A3"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"In the world","zh-Hans":"身边的事物"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"An open mouth, reduced to an enclosing outline. The modern square is a written convention, not an anatomical drawing.","zh-Hans":"张开的嘴简化为一个围合的轮廓。今天的方框是书写形式，不是解剖图。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 甲1193. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：甲1193。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%8F%A3-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/kou-oracle.svg","attribution":"口-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"gap","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Evidence gap in this collection","zh-Hans":"本集的证据空缺"},"description":{"en":"No sufficiently identified, reusable example is included here. The collection leaves this gap open rather than substituting a look-alike.","zh-Hans":"这里未收录身份已充分核实、可再利用的字例。我们保留空缺，不用相似字形代替。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E5%8F%A3"}]},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites s00868. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：s00868。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%8F%A3-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/kou-seal.svg","attribution":"口-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"口","simplified":"口","observation":{"en":"口 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「口」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"men","slug":"men-door","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/men-door","simplified":"门","traditional":"門","pinyin":{"value":"mén","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"door / gate","zh-Hans":"门"},"category":{"id":"home","label":{"en":"Home","zh-Hans":"房屋"},"collectionGroup":"homes-objects"},"summary":{"en":"Two door leaves facing each other. The paired structure remains especially clear in traditional 門.","zh-Hans":"像相对的两扇门；繁体「門」中仍能清楚地看出成对的结构。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"The paired leaves follow the structure described in early forms of 門. This plain timber gate is a teaching illustration, not a reconstruction of a specific ancient building.","zh-Hans":"两扇门的结构参考早期「門」字形的解释。简化木门是教学插图，并非某座古代建筑的复原。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E9%96%80"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"In the world","zh-Hans":"身边的事物"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Two door leaves facing each other. The paired structure remains especially clear in traditional 門.","zh-Hans":"像相对的两扇门；繁体「門」中仍能清楚地看出成对的结构。"},"sources":[{"role":"museum reference","url":"https://www.chnmus.net/sitesources/hnbwy/page_pc/WeeklySelection/AHandynastyPaintedPotteryTombModelofaPalatialResidence/list1.html"}]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 鄴3下.40.10 合34168 歷組. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：鄴3下.40.10 合34168 歷組。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E9%96%80-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/men-oracle.png","attribution":"門-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Western Zhou · source attribution","zh-Hans":"西周 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 曶鼎 (mid Western Zhou). The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：曶鼎 (mid Western Zhou)。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E9%96%80-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/men-bronze.png","attribution":"門-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites s08701. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：s08701。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E9%96%80-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/men-seal.png","attribution":"門-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"門","simplified":"门","observation":{"en":"Compare 門 with 门: the simplified form has fewer strokes. Both are modern character conventions, not successive calligraphic styles.","zh-Hans":"并排看「門」和「门」：现代简体笔画较少。两者是现代字形规范，并非先后替代的书法风格。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"yu-rain","slug":"yu-rain","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/yu-rain","simplified":"雨","traditional":"雨","pinyin":{"value":"yǔ","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"rain","zh-Hans":"雨"},"category":{"id":"nature","label":{"en":"Nature","zh-Hans":"自然"},"collectionGroup":"nature-seasons"},"summary":{"en":"Drops of rain beneath an upper line. The repeated small marks remain a useful visual clue today.","zh-Hans":"上方线条下面落着雨滴。重复的小笔画在今天仍是辨认它的线索。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"The cloud in our teaching picture is illustrative. It is not a claim that every early upper line pictures a cloud.","zh-Hans":"教学图中的云是示意，不代表每个早期字形上方的线条都画的是云。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E9%9B%A8"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"In the world","zh-Hans":"身边的事物"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Drops of rain beneath an upper line. The repeated small marks remain a useful visual clue today.","zh-Hans":"上方线条下面落着雨滴。重复的小笔画在今天仍是辨认它的线索。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 佚55. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：佚55。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E9%9B%A8-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/yu-rain-oracle.png","attribution":"雨-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze · component in 雩","zh-Hans":"金文 ·「雩」中的部件"},"period":{"en":"Western Zhou · source attribution","zh-Hans":"西周 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"This is a component extracted from 雩, not an independent inscription of 雨. The file record cites 大盂鼎 (early Western Zhou); taken from 雩. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"这是从「雩」中取出的部件，并非独立使用的「雨」铭文。 文件记录标注：大盂鼎 (early Western Zhou); taken from 雩。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E9%9B%A8-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/yu-rain-bronze.png","attribution":"雨-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites s08466. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：s08466。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E9%9B%A8-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/yu-rain-seal.png","attribution":"雨-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"雨","simplified":"雨","observation":{"en":"雨 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「雨」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"shou","slug":"shou-hand","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/shou-hand","simplified":"手","traditional":"手","pinyin":{"value":"shǒu","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"hand","zh-Hans":"手"},"category":{"id":"body","label":{"en":"Body","zh-Hans":"身体"},"collectionGroup":"body-actions"},"summary":{"en":"An open hand, with fingers spread. Early bronze forms make the fingers especially easy to spot.","zh-Hans":"张开的手，五指分开。早期金文中的手指尤其容易辨认。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"CUHK notes that oracle writing generally used 又 for a hand. An oracle form of 手 is not supplied here.","zh-Hans":"据香港中文大学字库，甲骨文一般以「又」表示手。本集未收录「手」的甲骨文字形。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E6%89%8B"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"In the world","zh-Hans":"身边的事物"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"An open hand, with fingers spread. Early bronze forms make the fingers especially easy to spot.","zh-Hans":"张开的手，五指分开。早期金文中的手指尤其容易辨认。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"gap","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Evidence gap in this collection","zh-Hans":"本集的证据空缺"},"description":{"en":"No oracle-bone 手 is supplied. CUHK notes that oracle writing generally used 又 for a hand; it is a related but different graph.","zh-Hans":"未收录甲骨文「手」。中大字库指出，甲骨文一般用「又」表示手；它是相关但不同的字形。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E6%89%8B"}]},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Western Zhou · source attribution","zh-Hans":"西周 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 曶壺蓋 (mid Western Zhou). The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：曶壺蓋 (mid Western Zhou)。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E6%89%8B-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/shou-bronze.png","attribution":"手-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites s08811. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：s08811。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E6%89%8B-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/shou-seal.png","attribution":"手-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"手","simplified":"手","observation":{"en":"手 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「手」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"ren","slug":"ren-person","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/ren-person","simplified":"人","traditional":"人","pinyin":{"value":"rén","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"person","zh-Hans":"人"},"category":{"id":"people","label":{"en":"People & family","zh-Hans":"人物与亲属"},"collectionGroup":"people-culture"},"summary":{"en":"A person seen from the side. Early forms suggest a standing body with an arm, rather than a front-facing stick figure.","zh-Hans":"像侧身站立的人。早期字形表现身体和手臂，并不是正面张开双腿的简笔画。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"The side-view figure wears a simple wrap robe inspired by early Chinese clothing. It is a teaching illustration, not a reconstruction of a particular person or the moment this character was created.","zh-Hans":"侧身人物的简朴交领衣袍参考了早期中国服饰。这是教学插图，并非对某个人物或造字时刻的复原。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E4%BA%BA"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"In the world","zh-Hans":"身边的事物"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"A person seen from the side. Early forms suggest a standing body with an arm, rather than a front-facing stick figure.","zh-Hans":"像侧身站立的人。早期字形表现身体和手臂，并不是正面张开双腿的简笔画。"},"sources":[{"role":"museum reference","url":"https://www.chnmus.net/sitesources/hnbwy/page_pc/WeeklySelection/PairofWhiteJadePendantsCarvedwithDancers/list1.html"}]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 甲2940 合18901. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：甲2940 合18901。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E4%BA%BA-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/ren-oracle.svg","attribution":"人-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Western Zhou · source attribution","zh-Hans":"西周 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 大盂鼎 (early Western Zhou). The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：大盂鼎 (early Western Zhou)。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E4%BA%BA-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/ren-bronze.svg","attribution":"人-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites 27.4EBA. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：27.4EBA。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E4%BA%BA-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/ren-seal.svg","attribution":"人-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"人","simplified":"人","observation":{"en":"人 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「人」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"tian","slug":"tian-sky","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/tian-sky","simplified":"天","traditional":"天","pinyin":{"value":"tiān","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"sky","zh-Hans":"天空"},"category":{"id":"nature","label":{"en":"Nature","zh-Hans":"自然"},"collectionGroup":"nature-seasons"},"summary":{"en":"Early 天 shows a standing person with the head emphasized. The idea of the highest part of a person extended to the sky above.","zh-Hans":"早期的「天」画出正面站立的人，特别突出头部。人的头顶在高处，字义后来扩展到天空。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"It highlights the head; it is not a literal drawing of the sky.","zh-Hans":"它突出的是头部，并非直接描画天空。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E5%A4%A9"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Early 天 shows a standing person with the head emphasized. The idea of the highest part of a person extended to the sky above. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"早期的「天」画出正面站立的人，特别突出头部。人的头顶在高处，字义后来扩展到天空。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 乙6390 合22103 午組. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：乙6390 合22103 午組。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%A4%A9-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/tian-oracle.png","attribution":"天-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Remsense; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Western Zhou · source attribution","zh-Hans":"西周 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 大盂鼎 (early Western Zhou). The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：大盂鼎 (early Western Zhou)。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%A4%A9-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/tian-bronze.png","attribution":"天-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Remsense; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites s00004. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：s00004。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%A4%A9-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/tian-seal.png","attribution":"天-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Remsense; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"天","simplified":"天","observation":{"en":"天 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「天」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"yun","slug":"yun-cloud","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/yun-cloud","simplified":"云","traditional":"雲","pinyin":{"value":"yún","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"cloud","zh-Hans":"云"},"category":{"id":"nature","label":{"en":"Nature","zh-Hans":"自然"},"collectionGroup":"nature-seasons"},"summary":{"en":"云 was an early way to write “cloud.” After 云 also came to mean “say,” the rain element 雨 was added to make 雲; simplified writing uses 云 again.","zh-Hans":"「云」很早就用来记录云朵。它又被借来表示“说”，后来加上雨部成为「雲」；简体写作「云」。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"Scholars disagree about the earliest shape: a curling cloud is one explanation, while another includes a sound element.","zh-Hans":"最早字形有不同解释：一说像卷曲的云气，另一说含有表音部分。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E4%BA%91"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"云 was an early way to write “cloud.” After 云 also came to mean “say,” the rain element 雨 was added to make 雲; simplified writing uses 云 again. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"「云」很早就用来记录云朵。它又被借来表示“说”，后来加上雨部成为「雲」；简体写作「云」。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"gap","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Evidence gap in this collection","zh-Hans":"本集的证据空缺"},"description":{"en":"No sufficiently identified, reusable example is included here. The collection leaves this gap open rather than substituting a look-alike.","zh-Hans":"这里未收录身份已充分核实、可再利用的字例。我们保留空缺，不用相似字形代替。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E4%BA%91"}]},{"id":"bronze","kind":"gap","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Evidence gap in this collection","zh-Hans":"本集的证据空缺"},"description":{"en":"No sufficiently identified, reusable example is included here. The collection leaves this gap open rather than substituting a look-alike.","zh-Hans":"这里未收录身份已充分核实、可再利用的字例。我们保留空缺，不用相似字形代替。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E4%BA%91"}]},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites s08528. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：s08528。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E9%9B%B2-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/yun-cloud-seal.png","attribution":"雲-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Alexbdf; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"雲","simplified":"云","observation":{"en":"Compare 雲 with 云: the simplified form has fewer strokes. Both are modern character conventions, not successive calligraphic styles.","zh-Hans":"并排看「雲」和「云」：现代简体笔画较少。两者是现代字形规范，并非先后替代的书法风格。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"shi","slug":"shi-stone","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/shi-stone","simplified":"石","traditional":"石","pinyin":{"value":"shí","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"rock / stone","zh-Hans":"石头"},"category":{"id":"nature","label":{"en":"Nature","zh-Hans":"自然"},"collectionGroup":"nature-seasons"},"summary":{"en":"CUHK interprets the early shape as a stone chime, an instrument made from stone. In this account, a familiar stone object stood for stone itself.","zh-Hans":"香港中文大学字库把早期字形解释为石磬，一种用石头制成的乐器。这个解释认为，古人用熟悉的石制器物来表示石头。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"This source rejects the familiar “rock beneath a cliff” account; the origin should be presented as an interpretation.","zh-Hans":"该字库不采用常见的“山崖下有石头”解释；这里介绍的是一种字源解释。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E7%9F%B3"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"CUHK interprets the early shape as a stone chime, an instrument made from stone. In this account, a familiar stone object stood for stone itself. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"香港中文大学字库把早期字形解释为石磬，一种用石头制成的乐器。这个解释认为，古人用熟悉的石制器物来表示石头。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites j21453. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：j21453。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%9F%B3-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/shi-stone-oracle.png","attribution":"石-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Chanueting; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites b14406. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：b14406。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%9F%B3-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/shi-stone-bronze.png","attribution":"石-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Chanueting; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites s06811. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：s06811。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%9F%B3-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/shi-stone-seal.png","attribution":"石-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Chanueting; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"石","simplified":"石","observation":{"en":"石 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「石」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"tu","slug":"tu-soil","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/tu-soil","simplified":"土","traditional":"土","pinyin":{"value":"tǔ","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"earth / soil","zh-Hans":"泥土"},"category":{"id":"nature","label":{"en":"Nature","zh-Hans":"自然"},"collectionGroup":"nature-seasons"},"summary":{"en":"One reading of early 土 is a mound of earth resting on the ground. Its meaning grew from a heap of soil to land and territory.","zh-Hans":"早期的「土」常被解释为地面上隆起的土堆。字义从土堆扩展到土地和疆土。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"Another scholarly reading connects the shape with a shrine or marker for the earth deity.","zh-Hans":"另有学者把字形解释为祭祀土地神的神主。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E5%9C%9F"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"One reading of early 土 is a mound of earth resting on the ground. Its meaning grew from a heap of soil to land and territory. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"早期的「土」常被解释为地面上隆起的土堆。字义从土堆扩展到土地和疆土。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 43.F2A9. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：43.F2A9。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%9C%9F-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/tu-oracle.png","attribution":"土-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Western Zhou · source attribution","zh-Hans":"西周 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 大盂鼎 (early Western Zhou). The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：大盂鼎 (early Western Zhou)。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%9C%9F-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/tu-bronze.svg","attribution":"土-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites s10132. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：s10132。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%9C%9F-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/tu-seal.svg","attribution":"土-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"土","simplified":"土","observation":{"en":"土 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「土」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"tian-field","slug":"tian-field","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/tian-field","simplified":"田","traditional":"田","pinyin":{"value":"tián","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"field / farm","zh-Hans":"田地"},"category":{"id":"farming","label":{"en":"Farming","zh-Hans":"农耕"},"collectionGroup":"animals-plants"},"summary":{"en":"Early 田 resembles farmland divided into plots. The crossing lines suggest the paths or boundaries between fields.","zh-Hans":"早期的「田」像一块块分开的农田。交叉的线条表现田间的道路或边界。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"The drawing represents divided farmland; it does not require exactly four real fields.","zh-Hans":"字形表示分块的农田，不是说农田一定分成四块。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E7%94%B0"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Early 田 resembles farmland divided into plots. The crossing lines suggest the paths or boundaries between fields. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"早期的「田」像一块块分开的农田。交叉的线条表现田间的道路或边界。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 菁1.1 合6057 賓組. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：菁1.1 合6057 賓組。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%94%B0-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/tian-field-oracle.png","attribution":"田-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Western Zhou · source attribution","zh-Hans":"西周 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 田農鼎 (early Western Zhou). The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：田農鼎 (early Western Zhou)。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%94%B0-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/tian-field-bronze.png","attribution":"田-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites s10314. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：s10314。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%94%B0-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/tian-field-seal.png","attribution":"田-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"田","simplified":"田","observation":{"en":"田 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「田」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"he","slug":"he-grain","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/he-grain","simplified":"禾","traditional":"禾","pinyin":{"value":"hé","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"grain crop","zh-Hans":"禾苗 · 谷类"},"category":{"id":"plant","label":{"en":"Plant","zh-Hans":"植物"},"collectionGroup":"animals-plants"},"summary":{"en":"禾 began as a whole grain plant, with leaves, a stem, roots, and a heavy drooping seed head. CUHK identifies the original crop as millet; the word later covered grain crops more broadly.","zh-Hans":"「禾」最初像一整株谷物，有叶、茎、根和低垂的穗。字库认为它原指谷子，后来泛指谷类作物。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"Use a drooping millet head for the origin story; “rice plant” alone is too narrow.","zh-Hans":"讲字源时宜观察低垂的谷穗，不宜只解释为稻子。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E7%A6%BE"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"禾 began as a whole grain plant, with leaves, a stem, roots, and a heavy drooping seed head. CUHK identifies the original crop as millet; the word later covered grain crops more broadly. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"「禾」最初像一整株谷物，有叶、茎、根和低垂的穗。字库认为它原指谷子，后来泛指谷类作物。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites j17059. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：j17059。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%A6%BE-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/he-oracle.png","attribution":"禾-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Alexmadon; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites b10960. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：b10960。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%A6%BE-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/he-bronze.png","attribution":"禾-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Alexmadon; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites s04995. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：s04995。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%A6%BE-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/he-seal.png","attribution":"禾-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"禾","simplified":"禾","observation":{"en":"禾 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「禾」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"wang","slug":"wang-net","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/wang-net","simplified":"网","traditional":"網","pinyin":{"value":"wǎng","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"net","zh-Hans":"网"},"category":{"id":"object","label":{"en":"Object","zh-Hans":"器物"},"collectionGroup":"homes-objects"},"summary":{"en":"Early 网 pictured an open net with crossing cords. Later forms added a sound element and 糸, “thread,” to produce 網; today's simplified 网 returns to the older form.","zh-Hans":"早期的「网」像张开的网，线条相互交织。后来加入表音部分和表示丝线的「糸」，成为「網」；简体「网」采用了较早的形式。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"网 has a pictorial origin; the fuller 網 also contains sound and meaning elements. “Web” is a related later use.","zh-Hans":"「网」源于图形；繁体「網」还包含表音和表义部分。“网络”是后来扩展的用法。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E7%BD%91"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Early 网 pictured an open net with crossing cords. Later forms added a sound element and 糸, “thread,” to produce 網; today's simplified 网 returns to the older form. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"早期的「网」像张开的网，线条相互交织。后来加入表音部分和表示丝线的「糸」，成为「網」；简体「网」采用了较早的形式。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone · 网","zh-Hans":"甲骨文 · 「网」"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The source records 网, an earlier related graph, not the complete later spelling 網. The file record cites 乙3947反 合10755反. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"来源记录的是较早的相关字形「网」，并不是后来完整写法「網」。 文件记录标注：乙3947反 合10755反。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%BD%91-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/wang-net-oracle.png","attribution":"网-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"gap","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Evidence gap in this collection","zh-Hans":"本集的证据空缺"},"description":{"en":"No sufficiently identified, reusable example is included here. The collection leaves this gap open rather than substituting a look-alike.","zh-Hans":"这里未收录身份已充分核实、可再利用的字例。我们保留空缺，不用相似字形代替。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E7%BD%91"}]},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen · 网","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本 · 「网」"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"The source records 网, an earlier related graph, not the complete later spelling 網. A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites s05491. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"来源记录的是较早的相关字形「网」，并不是后来完整写法「網」。 这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：s05491。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%BD%91-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/wang-net-seal.png","attribution":"网-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"網","simplified":"网","observation":{"en":"Compare 網 with 网: the simplified form has fewer strokes. Both are modern character conventions, not successive calligraphic styles.","zh-Hans":"并排看「網」和「网」：现代简体笔画较少。两者是现代字形规范，并非先后替代的书法风格。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"zhu","slug":"zhu-bamboo","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/zhu-bamboo","simplified":"竹","traditional":"竹","pinyin":{"value":"zhú","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"bamboo","zh-Hans":"竹子"},"category":{"id":"plant","label":{"en":"Plant","zh-Hans":"植物"},"collectionGroup":"animals-plants"},"summary":{"en":"Old forms of 竹 show leafy bamboo twigs, often as two branches. The modern character keeps their paired arrangement.","zh-Hans":"「竹」的古字形表现带叶的竹枝，常画成两枝。现代字仍保留左右成对的布局。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"Some proposed oracle-bone examples have disputed readings; securely identified forms support the bamboo explanation.","zh-Hans":"部分被归入「竹」的甲骨字形仍有争议，不能把所有相似字形都认作竹子。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E7%AB%B9"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Old forms of 竹 show leafy bamboo twigs, often as two branches. The modern character keeps their paired arrangement. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"「竹」的古字形表现带叶的竹枝，常画成两枝。现代字仍保留左右成对的布局。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 43.E265. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：43.E265。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%AB%B9-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/zhu-oracle.png","attribution":"竹-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Western Zhou · source attribution","zh-Hans":"西周 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 父丁孤竹罍 (early Western Zhou). The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：父丁孤竹罍 (early Western Zhou)。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%AB%B9-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/zhu-bronze.png","attribution":"竹-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Justinrleung; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites s03282. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：s03282。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%AB%B9-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/zhu-seal.png","attribution":"竹-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"竹","simplified":"竹","observation":{"en":"竹 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「竹」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"che","slug":"che-vehicle","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/che-vehicle","simplified":"车","traditional":"車","pinyin":{"value":"chē","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"vehicle","zh-Hans":"车辆"},"category":{"id":"object","label":{"en":"Object","zh-Hans":"器物"},"collectionGroup":"homes-objects"},"summary":{"en":"Early 車 drew a wheeled cart, sometimes including its axle, body, and shafts. Scribes changed its orientation and reduced the details as the written form developed.","zh-Hans":"早期的「車」画出有轮子的车，有时连车轴、车厢和车辕也画出来。随着书写发展，字形改变方向，并逐渐省去细节。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"The ancient picture is a cart, not a motor car; 车 is the modern simplified form.","zh-Hans":"古字描画的是古代车，不是汽车；「车」是现代简体。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E8%BB%8A"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Early 車 drew a wheeled cart, sometimes including its axle, body, and shafts. Scribes changed its orientation and reduced the details as the written form developed. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"早期的「車」画出有轮子的车，有时连车轴、车厢和车辕也画出来。随着书写发展，字形改变方向，并逐渐省去细节。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites J29288. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：J29288。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E8%BB%8A-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/che-oracle.png","attribution":"車-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Western Zhou · source attribution","zh-Hans":"西周 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites ⿰土卩父簋 (early Western Zhou). The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：⿰土卩父簋 (early Western Zhou)。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E8%BB%8A-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/che-bronze.png","attribution":"車-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Micheletb; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites s10685. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：s10685。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E8%BB%8A-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/che-seal.png","attribution":"車-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: VulpesVulpes42; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"車","simplified":"车","observation":{"en":"Compare 車 with 车: the simplified form has fewer strokes. Both are modern character conventions, not successive calligraphic styles.","zh-Hans":"并排看「車」和「车」：现代简体笔画较少。两者是现代字形规范，并非先后替代的书法风格。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"san","slug":"san-umbrella","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/san-umbrella","simplified":"伞","traditional":"傘","pinyin":{"value":"sǎn","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"umbrella","zh-Hans":"伞"},"category":{"id":"object","label":{"en":"Object","zh-Hans":"器物"},"collectionGroup":"homes-objects"},"summary":{"en":"傘 resembles a canopy with a covering spread above a central support. CUHK connects its early meaning with the ceremonial canopy, before its ordinary use for rain or shade.","zh-Hans":"「傘」像撑开的伞盖，下方有支撑。字库把它的早期含义联系到仪仗用的伞盖，后来常指遮雨、遮阳的伞。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"This is a later canopy-shaped character; the source does not establish an oracle-bone or bronze form.","zh-Hans":"这是表现伞盖形状的字；本来源没有确证它的甲骨文或金文字形。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E5%82%98"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"傘 resembles a canopy with a covering spread above a central support. CUHK connects its early meaning with the ceremonial canopy, before its ordinary use for rain or shade. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"「傘」像撑开的伞盖，下方有支撑。字库把它的早期含义联系到仪仗用的伞盖，后来常指遮雨、遮阳的伞。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"gap","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Evidence gap in this collection","zh-Hans":"本集的证据空缺"},"description":{"en":"No sufficiently identified, reusable example is included here. The collection leaves this gap open rather than substituting a look-alike.","zh-Hans":"这里未收录身份已充分核实、可再利用的字例。我们保留空缺，不用相似字形代替。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E5%82%98"}]},{"id":"bronze","kind":"gap","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Evidence gap in this collection","zh-Hans":"本集的证据空缺"},"description":{"en":"No sufficiently identified, reusable example is included here. The collection leaves this gap open rather than substituting a look-alike.","zh-Hans":"这里未收录身份已充分核实、可再利用的字例。我们保留空缺，不用相似字形代替。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E5%82%98"}]},{"id":"seal","kind":"gap","label":{"en":"Small seal","zh-Hans":"小篆"},"period":{"en":"Evidence gap in this collection","zh-Hans":"本集的证据空缺"},"description":{"en":"No sufficiently identified, reusable example is included here. The collection leaves this gap open rather than substituting a look-alike.","zh-Hans":"这里未收录身份已充分核实、可再利用的字例。我们保留空缺，不用相似字形代替。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E5%82%98"}]}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"傘","simplified":"伞","observation":{"en":"Compare 傘 with 伞: the simplified form has fewer strokes. Both are modern character conventions, not successive calligraphic styles.","zh-Hans":"并排看「傘」和「伞」：现代简体笔画较少。两者是现代字形规范，并非先后替代的书法风格。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"zhong","slug":"zhong-center","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/zhong-center","simplified":"中","traditional":"中","pinyin":{"value":"zhōng","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"center","zh-Hans":"中间"},"category":{"id":"position","label":{"en":"Position","zh-Hans":"方位"},"collectionGroup":"numbers-position"},"summary":{"en":"One early form marks the middle of a line with a circle, pointing to the idea of “center.” Other related forms show a pole with streamers, interpreted as a tool for observing wind.","zh-Hans":"一种早期字形在直线中间加圈，指出“中心”。另一些相关字形带有飘带，被解释为观察风向的标杆。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"The early history includes different forms; the familiar banner story is not the only account.","zh-Hans":"早期字形的关系较复杂，常见的“旗帜”说并非唯一解释。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E4%B8%AD"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"One early form marks the middle of a line with a circle, pointing to the idea of “center.” Other related forms show a pole with streamers, interpreted as a tool for observing wind. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"一种早期字形在直线中间加圈，指出“中心”。另一些相关字形带有飘带，被解释为观察风向的标杆。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 41.E251. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：41.E251。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E4%B8%AD-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/zhong-oracle.png","attribution":"中-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Western Zhou · source attribution","zh-Hans":"西周 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 休作父丁簋 (mid Western Zhou). The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：休作父丁簋 (mid Western Zhou)。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E4%B8%AD-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/zhong-bronze.png","attribution":"中-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites s00273. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：s00273。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E4%B8%AD-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/zhong-seal.png","attribution":"中-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"中","simplified":"中","observation":{"en":"中 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「中」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"guo","slug":"guo-nation","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/guo-nation","simplified":"国","traditional":"國","pinyin":{"value":"guó","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"state / nation","zh-Hans":"国家"},"category":{"id":"society","label":{"en":"Society","zh-Hans":"社会"},"collectionGroup":"people-culture"},"summary":{"en":"國 places 或 inside an enclosing boundary. CUHK identifies the enclosure as a meaning clue for territory and 或 as a sound clue; 或 had also been used earlier for a state.","zh-Hans":"「國」把「或」放在外框之中。字库把外框解释为疆界的表义部分，「或」是表音部分，也曾较早用来记录国家之义。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"The 玉 inside simplified 国 belongs to a later spelling; it is not the ancient origin of 國.","zh-Hans":"简体「国」里面的「玉」属于后来的字形，不能用它解释「國」的早期来源。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E5%9C%8B"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"國 places 或 inside an enclosing boundary. CUHK identifies the enclosure as a meaning clue for territory and 或 as a sound clue; 或 had also been used earlier for a state. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"「國」把「或」放在外框之中。字库把外框解释为疆界的表义部分，「或」是表音部分，也曾较早用来记录国家之义。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"gap","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Evidence gap in this collection","zh-Hans":"本集的证据空缺"},"description":{"en":"No sufficiently identified, reusable example is included here. The collection leaves this gap open rather than substituting a look-alike.","zh-Hans":"这里未收录身份已充分核实、可再利用的字例。我们保留空缺，不用相似字形代替。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E5%9C%8B"}]},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Western Zhou · source attribution","zh-Hans":"西周 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 彔⿹戈冬(𰒦)卣, 集成05420. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：彔⿹戈冬(𰒦)卣, 集成05420。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%9C%8B-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/guo-bronze.png","attribution":"國-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Frigoris; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites S04495. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：S04495。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%9C%8B-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/guo-seal.png","attribution":"國-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Justinrleung; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"國","simplified":"国","observation":{"en":"Compare 國 with 国: the simplified form has fewer strokes. Both are modern character conventions, not successive calligraphic styles.","zh-Hans":"并排看「國」和「国」：现代简体笔画较少。两者是现代字形规范，并非先后替代的书法风格。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"niu","slug":"niu-ox","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/niu-ox","simplified":"牛","traditional":"牛","pinyin":{"value":"niú","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"ox / cattle","zh-Hans":"牛"},"category":{"id":"animal","label":{"en":"Animal","zh-Hans":"动物"},"collectionGroup":"animals-plants"},"summary":{"en":"Early 牛 shows a bovine head seen from the front. Its paired horns are the most recognizable feature.","zh-Hans":"早期的「牛」像从正面看到的牛头。一对牛角是最明显的特征。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"牛 is a broad cattle word; it does not by itself specify a bull, cow, or castrated ox.","zh-Hans":"「牛」是较广的名称，单字本身不特指公牛、母牛或阉牛。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E7%89%9B"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Early 牛 shows a bovine head seen from the front. Its paired horns are the most recognizable feature. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"早期的「牛」像从正面看到的牛头。一对牛角是最明显的特征。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 乙6964 合9525 賓組. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：乙6964 合9525 賓組。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%89%9B-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/niu-oracle.svg","attribution":"牛-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites b01149. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：b01149。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%89%9B-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/niu-bronze.png","attribution":"牛-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Alexmadon; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites s00814. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：s00814。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%89%9B-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/niu-seal.svg","attribution":"牛-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"牛","simplified":"牛","observation":{"en":"牛 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「牛」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"yang","slug":"yang-sheep","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/yang-sheep","simplified":"羊","traditional":"羊","pinyin":{"value":"yáng","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"sheep / goat","zh-Hans":"羊"},"category":{"id":"animal","label":{"en":"Animal","zh-Hans":"动物"},"collectionGroup":"animals-plants"},"summary":{"en":"Early 羊 outlines a horned animal's head from the front, especially its two curved horns. The word covers sheep and goats, with more specific words naming the kind.","zh-Hans":"早期的「羊」画出正面的羊头，尤其突出两只弯角。汉语用更具体的词区分绵羊、山羊等。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"A ram is a useful horned example, but 羊 alone does not mean only a male sheep.","zh-Hans":"公羊可帮助观察羊角，但「羊」不只表示雄性的绵羊。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E7%BE%8A"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Early 羊 outlines a horned animal's head from the front, especially its two curved horns. The word covers sheep and goats, with more specific words naming the kind. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"早期的「羊」画出正面的羊头，尤其突出两只弯角。汉语用更具体的词区分绵羊、山羊等。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 佚450 合33949. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：佚450 合33949。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%BE%8A-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/yang-oracle.svg","attribution":"羊-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Western Zhou · source attribution","zh-Hans":"西周 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 羊作父乙卣 集成5267. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：羊作父乙卣 集成5267。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%BE%8A-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/yang-bronze.png","attribution":"羊-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: 沈澄心; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites s02663. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：s02663。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%BE%8A-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/yang-seal.svg","attribution":"羊-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: 沈澄心; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"羊","simplified":"羊","observation":{"en":"羊 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「羊」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"quan","slug":"quan-dog","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/quan-dog","simplified":"犬","traditional":"犬","pinyin":{"value":"quǎn","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"dog","zh-Hans":"犬 · 狗"},"category":{"id":"animal","label":{"en":"Animal","zh-Hans":"动物"},"collectionGroup":"animals-plants"},"summary":{"en":"Early 犬 draws a dog from the side, with a slim belly and curling tail. Some forms were turned upright to fit columns of writing.","zh-Hans":"早期的「犬」画出狗的侧面，腹部较瘦，尾巴卷起。有些字形后来转成竖向，以适应直行书写。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"The modern strokes are a much-reduced outline; 狗 is the usual everyday word for dog.","zh-Hans":"现代笔画已大幅简化轮廓；日常说狗时常用「狗」。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E7%8A%AC"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Early 犬 draws a dog from the side, with a slim belly and curling tail. Some forms were turned upright to fit columns of writing. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"早期的「犬」画出狗的侧面，腹部较瘦，尾巴卷起。有些字形后来转成竖向，以适应直行书写。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites j22561. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：j22561。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%8A%AC-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/quan-oracle.png","attribution":"犬-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Justinrleung; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites b14755. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：b14755。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%8A%AC-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/quan-bronze.png","attribution":"犬-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Chanueting; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites s07139. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：s07139。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%8A%AC-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/quan-seal.png","attribution":"犬-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Yug; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"犬","simplified":"犬","observation":{"en":"犬 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「犬」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"shi-pig","slug":"shi-pig","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/shi-pig","simplified":"豕","traditional":"豕","pinyin":{"value":"shǐ","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"pig","zh-Hans":"猪"},"category":{"id":"animal","label":{"en":"Animal","zh-Hans":"动物"},"collectionGroup":"animals-plants"},"summary":{"en":"Early 豕 shows a pig from the side, often turned upright in writing. Its full belly and hanging tail distinguish it from the early dog shape 犬.","zh-Hans":"早期的「豕」像猪的侧面，书写时常转成竖向。鼓起的腹部和下垂的尾巴，可帮助区别它与「犬」的古字形。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"豕 is an older or literary word for pig; everyday Mandarin usually uses 猪／豬.","zh-Hans":"「豕」是较古老或书面的说法，现代日常多用「猪／豬」。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E8%B1%95"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Early 豕 shows a pig from the side, often turned upright in writing. Its full belly and hanging tail distinguish it from the early dog shape 犬. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"早期的「豕」像猪的侧面，书写时常转成竖向。鼓起的腹部和下垂的尾巴，可帮助区别它与「犬」的古字形。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites j21756. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：j21756。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E8%B1%95-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/shi-pig-oracle.png","attribution":"豕-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Chanueting; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites b14478.gif. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：b14478.gif。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E8%B1%95-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/shi-pig-bronze.png","attribution":"豕-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Chanueting; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites s06888. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：s06888。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E8%B1%95-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/shi-pig-seal.png","attribution":"豕-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Chanueting; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"豕","simplified":"豕","observation":{"en":"豕 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「豕」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"tu-rabbit","slug":"tu-rabbit","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/tu-rabbit","simplified":"兔","traditional":"兔","pinyin":{"value":"tù","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"rabbit / hare","zh-Hans":"兔子"},"category":{"id":"animal","label":{"en":"Animal","zh-Hans":"动物"},"collectionGroup":"animals-plants"},"summary":{"en":"Early 兔 shows a rabbit-like animal from the side, with a short upturned tail. As the writing became more regular, that tail was reduced to the small dot in 兔.","zh-Hans":"早期的「兔」像侧面的兔子，尾巴短而上翘。字形逐渐规整后，尾巴变成了「兔」中的一点。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"Rabbit and hare are both useful English glosses; the ancient drawing does not establish a precise modern species.","zh-Hans":"英文可用 rabbit 或 hare 对应，古字形不能确定到现代动物分类中的某个物种。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E5%85%94"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Early 兔 shows a rabbit-like animal from the side, with a short upturned tail. As the writing became more regular, that tail was reduced to the small dot in 兔. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"早期的「兔」像侧面的兔子，尾巴短而上翘。字形逐渐规整后，尾巴变成了「兔」中的一点。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites J22555. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：J22555。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%85%94-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/tu-rabbit-oracle.png","attribution":"兔-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Justinrleung; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"gap","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Evidence gap in this collection","zh-Hans":"本集的证据空缺"},"description":{"en":"No sufficiently identified, reusable example is included here. The collection leaves this gap open rather than substituting a look-alike.","zh-Hans":"这里未收录身份已充分核实、可再利用的字例。我们保留空缺，不用相似字形代替。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E5%85%94"}]},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites S07132. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：S07132。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%85%94-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/tu-rabbit-seal.png","attribution":"兔-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Justinrleung; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"兔","simplified":"兔","observation":{"en":"兔 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「兔」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"gui","slug":"gui-turtle","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/gui-turtle","simplified":"龟","traditional":"龜","pinyin":{"value":"guī","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"turtle / tortoise","zh-Hans":"龟"},"category":{"id":"animal","label":{"en":"Animal","zh-Hans":"动物"},"collectionGroup":"animals-plants"},"summary":{"en":"Early forms drew a turtle with a shell, head, feet, and tail. Some viewed the animal from above; others showed it from the side.","zh-Hans":"早期字形画出龟的壳、头、脚和尾巴，有的从上方看，有的从侧面看。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"Ancient forms varied; today’s 龜 and 龟 are standardized descendants.","zh-Hans":"古代写法不止一种，今天的“龜”和“龟”是后来定型的字形。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E9%BE%9C"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Early forms drew a turtle with a shell, head, feet, and tail. Some viewed the animal from above; others showed it from the side. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"早期字形画出龟的壳、头、脚和尾巴，有的从上方看，有的从侧面看。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 佚959 合17666 賓組. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：佚959 合17666 賓組。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E9%BE%9C-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/gui-oracle.png","attribution":"龜-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Western Zhou · source attribution","zh-Hans":"西周 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 龜父丙鼎 (early Western Zhou). The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：龜父丙鼎 (early Western Zhou)。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E9%BE%9C-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/gui-bronze.png","attribution":"龜-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Chanueting; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites 27.9F9C. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：27.9F9C。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E9%BE%9C-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/gui-seal.png","attribution":"龜-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"龜","simplified":"龟","observation":{"en":"Compare 龜 with 龟: the simplified form has fewer strokes. Both are modern character conventions, not successive calligraphic styles.","zh-Hans":"并排看「龜」和「龟」：现代简体笔画较少。两者是现代字形规范，并非先后替代的书法风格。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"ji","slug":"ji-chicken","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/ji-chicken","simplified":"鸡","traditional":"雞","pinyin":{"value":"jī","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"chicken","zh-Hans":"鸡"},"category":{"id":"animal","label":{"en":"Animal","zh-Hans":"动物"},"collectionGroup":"animals-plants"},"summary":{"en":"The earliest forms pictured a chicken, especially its comb and beak. Later, 奚 was added for sound, while the bird part became more conventional.","zh-Hans":"最早的字形像一只鸡，特别突出鸡冠和鸡嘴。后来加上表音的“奚”，鸟形也逐渐定型。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"雞 has a pictorial beginning, but its later form combines a bird component with a sound clue. 鷄 is another traditional form.","zh-Hans":"“雞”起初象形，后来的字形结合了鸟类部件和声符。“鷄”也是传统写法。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E9%9B%9E"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"The earliest forms pictured a chicken, especially its comb and beak. Later, 奚 was added for sound, while the bird part became more conventional. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"最早的字形像一只鸡，特别突出鸡冠和鸡嘴。后来加上表音的“奚”，鸟形也逐渐定型。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"gap","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Evidence gap in this collection","zh-Hans":"本集的证据空缺"},"description":{"en":"No sufficiently identified, reusable example is included here. The collection leaves this gap open rather than substituting a look-alike.","zh-Hans":"这里未收录身份已充分核实、可再利用的字例。我们保留空缺，不用相似字形代替。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E9%9B%9E"}]},{"id":"bronze","kind":"gap","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Evidence gap in this collection","zh-Hans":"本集的证据空缺"},"description":{"en":"No sufficiently identified, reusable example is included here. The collection leaves this gap open rather than substituting a look-alike.","zh-Hans":"这里未收录身份已充分核实、可再利用的字例。我们保留空缺，不用相似字形代替。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E9%9B%9E"}]},{"id":"seal","kind":"gap","label":{"en":"Small seal","zh-Hans":"小篆"},"period":{"en":"Evidence gap in this collection","zh-Hans":"本集的证据空缺"},"description":{"en":"No sufficiently identified, reusable example is included here. The collection leaves this gap open rather than substituting a look-alike.","zh-Hans":"这里未收录身份已充分核实、可再利用的字例。我们保留空缺，不用相似字形代替。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E9%9B%9E"}]}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"雞","simplified":"鸡","observation":{"en":"Compare 雞 with 鸡: the simplified form has fewer strokes. Both are modern character conventions, not successive calligraphic styles.","zh-Hans":"并排看「雞」和「鸡」：现代简体笔画较少。两者是现代字形规范，并非先后替代的书法风格。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"zhou","slug":"zhou-boat","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/zhou-boat","simplified":"舟","traditional":"舟","pinyin":{"value":"zhōu","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"boat","zh-Hans":"舟；船"},"category":{"id":"object","label":{"en":"Object","zh-Hans":"器物"},"collectionGroup":"homes-objects"},"summary":{"en":"舟 began as a picture of a boat. Its early outline recalls the hull of a wooden craft used to travel over water.","zh-Hans":"“舟”起初是一幅船的图画。早期轮廓表现木船的船身，指在水上行驶的舟船。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"This is an object picture. The teaching boat is a modern illustration, not a copied ancient character.","zh-Hans":"这是由实物图画形成的字。教学小船是现代插图，不是摹写的古文字。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E8%88%9F"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"舟 began as a picture of a boat. Its early outline recalls the hull of a wooden craft used to travel over water. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"“舟”起初是一幅船的图画。早期轮廓表现木船的船身，指在水上行驶的舟船。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites j19957. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：j19957。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E8%88%9F-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/zhou-oracle.png","attribution":"舟-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Alexmadon; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites b13231. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：b13231。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E8%88%9F-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/zhou-bronze.png","attribution":"舟-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Alexmadon; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites s06178. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：s06178。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E8%88%9F-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/zhou-seal.png","attribution":"舟-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Alexmadon; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"舟","simplified":"舟","observation":{"en":"舟 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「舟」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"lin","slug":"lin-grove","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/lin-grove","simplified":"林","traditional":"林","pinyin":{"value":"lín","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"grove","zh-Hans":"树林"},"category":{"id":"plant","label":{"en":"Plant","zh-Hans":"植物"},"collectionGroup":"animals-plants"},"summary":{"en":"Two 木 tree components stand side by side. Their repetition suggests trees growing together: a grove or woodland.","zh-Hans":"两个“木”并排，表示树木聚在一起生长，于是有了树林的意思。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"The two trees express a group, not a rule that a grove contains exactly two trees.","zh-Hans":"两棵树表示树木成群，并不是说树林只能有两棵树。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E6%9E%97"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Two 木 tree components stand side by side. Their repetition suggests trees growing together: a grove or woodland. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"两个“木”并排，表示树木聚在一起生长，于是有了树林的意思。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites j14377. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：j14377。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E6%9E%97-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/lin-oracle.png","attribution":"林-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Alexbdf; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites b08858. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：b08858。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E6%9E%97-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/lin-bronze.png","attribution":"林-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Alexbdf; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"gap","label":{"en":"Small seal","zh-Hans":"小篆"},"period":{"en":"Evidence gap in this collection","zh-Hans":"本集的证据空缺"},"description":{"en":"No sufficiently identified, reusable example is included here. The collection leaves this gap open rather than substituting a look-alike.","zh-Hans":"这里未收录身份已充分核实、可再利用的字例。我们保留空缺，不用相似字形代替。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E6%9E%97"}]}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"林","simplified":"林","observation":{"en":"林 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「林」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"sen","slug":"sen-forest","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/sen-forest","simplified":"森","traditional":"森","pinyin":{"value":"sēn","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"forest","zh-Hans":"森林；茂密"},"category":{"id":"plant","label":{"en":"Plant","zh-Hans":"植物"},"collectionGroup":"animals-plants"},"summary":{"en":"森 repeats 木 three times. Three can suggest many, so the combined trees convey a dense forest.","zh-Hans":"“森”把“木”重复三次。三个可以表示很多，组合起来表现树木茂密的森林。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"Repeating a picture builds a new meaning; 森 is a compound rather than one tree drawn in greater detail.","zh-Hans":"重复部件形成新的意思。“森”是组合成的字，不是一棵画得更复杂的树。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E6%A3%AE"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"森 repeats 木 three times. Three can suggest many, so the combined trees convey a dense forest. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"“森”把“木”重复三次。三个可以表示很多，组合起来表现树木茂密的森林。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 後2.3.2 合11323 𠂤賓間. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：後2.3.2 合11323 𠂤賓間。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E6%A3%AE-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/sen-oracle.png","attribution":"森-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: 沈澄心; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"gap","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Evidence gap in this collection","zh-Hans":"本集的证据空缺"},"description":{"en":"No sufficiently identified, reusable example is included here. The collection leaves this gap open rather than substituting a look-alike.","zh-Hans":"这里未收录身份已充分核实、可再利用的字例。我们保留空缺，不用相似字形代替。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E6%A3%AE"}]},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites s04428. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：s04428。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E6%A3%AE-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/sen-seal.png","attribution":"森-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: 沈澄心; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"森","simplified":"森","observation":{"en":"森 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「森」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"cong","slug":"cong-follow","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/cong-follow","simplified":"从","traditional":"從","pinyin":{"value":"cóng","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"follow","zh-Hans":"跟从"},"category":{"id":"action","label":{"en":"Action","zh-Hans":"动作"},"collectionGroup":"body-actions"},"summary":{"en":"The early form 从 placed two people one behind the other: one follows the other. 從 added movement-related components to emphasize following along a path.","zh-Hans":"早期的“从”把两个人一前一后排在一起，表示跟随。“從”又加上与行走有关的部件，强调沿路相随。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"The simpler 从 existed in ancient writing; it is also today’s simplified form.","zh-Hans":"较简单的“从”在古代就已存在，今天也用作简化字。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E5%BE%9E"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"The early form 从 placed two people one behind the other: one follows the other. 從 added movement-related components to emphasize following along a path. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"早期的“从”把两个人一前一后排在一起，表示跟随。“從”又加上与行走有关的部件，强调沿路相随。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone · 从","zh-Hans":"甲骨文 · 「从」"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The source records 从, an earlier related graph, not the complete later spelling 從. The file record cites 後1.27.2. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"来源记录的是较早的相关字形「从」，并不是后来完整写法「從」。 文件记录标注：後1.27.2。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E4%BB%8E-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/cong-oracle.png","attribution":"从-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites B12577. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：B12577。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%BE%9E-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/cong-bronze.png","attribution":"從-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Micheletb; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites S05944. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：S05944。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%BE%9E-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/cong-seal.png","attribution":"從-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Micheletb; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"從","simplified":"从","observation":{"en":"Compare 從 with 从: the simplified form has fewer strokes. Both are modern character conventions, not successive calligraphic styles.","zh-Hans":"并排看「從」和「从」：现代简体笔画较少。两者是现代字形规范，并非先后替代的书法风格。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"zhong-crowd","slug":"zhong-crowd","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/zhong-crowd","simplified":"众","traditional":"眾","pinyin":{"value":"zhòng","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"many / crowd","zh-Hans":"众多；人群"},"category":{"id":"people","label":{"en":"People & family","zh-Hans":"人物与亲属"},"collectionGroup":"people-culture"},"summary":{"en":"Repeated people form the secure core of this character’s story: a group, then many. Early forms also have an upper sign whose interpretation is debated.","zh-Hans":"这个字中反复出现的人形，明确表现人群，进而表示众多。早期字形还有上部符号，它的解释存在争议。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"The upper sign is often read as the sun; an eye-related sound explanation has also been proposed. 衆 is another traditional form.","zh-Hans":"上部常被解释为太阳，也有与眼睛有关的表音说。“衆”也是传统写法。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E7%9C%BE","https://chinesekelkip.swu.edu.cn/info/1060/1433.htm"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Repeated people form the secure core of this character’s story: a group, then many. Early forms also have an upper sign whose interpretation is debated. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"这个字中反复出现的人形，明确表现人群，进而表示众多。早期字形还有上部符号，它的解释存在争议。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[{"role":"additional reference","url":"https://chinesekelkip.swu.edu.cn/info/1060/1433.htm"}]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"gap","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Evidence gap in this collection","zh-Hans":"本集的证据空缺"},"description":{"en":"No sufficiently identified, reusable example is included here. The collection leaves this gap open rather than substituting a look-alike.","zh-Hans":"这里未收录身份已充分核实、可再利用的字例。我们保留空缺，不用相似字形代替。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E7%9C%BE"}]},{"id":"bronze","kind":"gap","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Evidence gap in this collection","zh-Hans":"本集的证据空缺"},"description":{"en":"No sufficiently identified, reusable example is included here. The collection leaves this gap open rather than substituting a look-alike.","zh-Hans":"这里未收录身份已充分核实、可再利用的字例。我们保留空缺，不用相似字形代替。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E7%9C%BE"}]},{"id":"seal","kind":"gap","label":{"en":"Small seal","zh-Hans":"小篆"},"period":{"en":"Evidence gap in this collection","zh-Hans":"本集的证据空缺"},"description":{"en":"No sufficiently identified, reusable example is included here. The collection leaves this gap open rather than substituting a look-alike.","zh-Hans":"这里未收录身份已充分核实、可再利用的字例。我们保留空缺，不用相似字形代替。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E7%9C%BE"}]}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"眾","simplified":"众","observation":{"en":"Compare 眾 with 众: the simplified form has fewer strokes. Both are modern character conventions, not successive calligraphic styles.","zh-Hans":"并排看「眾」和「众」：现代简体笔画较少。两者是现代字形规范，并非先后替代的书法风格。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"shang","slug":"shang-up","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/shang-up","simplified":"上","traditional":"上","pinyin":{"value":"shàng","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"up / above","zh-Hans":"上；上方"},"category":{"id":"position","label":{"en":"Position","zh-Hans":"方位"},"collectionGroup":"numbers-position"},"summary":{"en":"An early short mark sat above a longer reference line. Its position indicated above; later strokes made 上 easier to distinguish from similar signs.","zh-Hans":"早期在较长的基准线之上放一小短画，用位置表示上方。后来增加笔画，使“上”更容易辨认。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"This sign points to a position. It is not a picture of a particular object.","zh-Hans":"这个字用位置来指示意思，并不描画某一件实物。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E4%B8%8A"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"An early short mark sat above a longer reference line. Its position indicated above; later strokes made 上 easier to distinguish from similar signs. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"早期在较长的基准线之上放一小短画，用位置表示上方。后来增加笔画，使“上”更容易辨认。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 41.E064. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：41.E064。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E4%B8%8A-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/shang-oracle.png","attribution":"上-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Western Zhou · source attribution","zh-Hans":"西周 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 𤼈鐘 (mid Western Zhou). The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：𤼈鐘 (mid Western Zhou)。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E4%B8%8A-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/shang-bronze.png","attribution":"上-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites s00008. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：s00008。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E4%B8%8A-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/shang-seal.png","attribution":"上-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"上","simplified":"上","observation":{"en":"上 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「上」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"xia","slug":"xia-down","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/xia-down","simplified":"下","traditional":"下","pinyin":{"value":"xià","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"down / below","zh-Hans":"下；下方"},"category":{"id":"position","label":{"en":"Position","zh-Hans":"方位"},"collectionGroup":"numbers-position"},"summary":{"en":"A short mark below a longer reference line indicated below. It forms a matched pair with 上, whose short mark was above the line.","zh-Hans":"在较长的基准线之下放一小短画，就表示下方。它与短画在线上方的“上”相对。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"Compare the position of the small mark. This is an indicative sign rather than an object picture.","zh-Hans":"比较小短画的位置即可理解意思。这是指事符号，不是实物图画。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E4%B8%8B"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"A short mark below a longer reference line indicated below. It forms a matched pair with 上, whose short mark was above the line. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"在较长的基准线之下放一小短画，就表示下方。它与短画在线上方的“上”相对。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 41.E093. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：41.E093。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E4%B8%8B-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/xia-oracle.png","attribution":"下-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Western Zhou · source attribution","zh-Hans":"西周 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 長囟盉 (mid Western Zhou). The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：長囟盉 (mid Western Zhou)。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E4%B8%8B-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/xia-bronze.png","attribution":"下-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites S00016. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：S00016。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E4%B8%8B-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/xia-seal.png","attribution":"下-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"下","simplified":"下","observation":{"en":"下 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「下」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"da","slug":"da-big","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/da-big","simplified":"大","traditional":"大","pinyin":{"value":"dà","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"big","zh-Hans":"大"},"category":{"id":"size","label":{"en":"Size","zh-Hans":"大小"},"collectionGroup":"numbers-position"},"summary":{"en":"大 began with a front-view human figure. CUHK connects this adult figure, contrasted with a child, to the meaning big.","zh-Hans":"“大”起初像正面站立的人。中大字库把这个成年人形与小孩相对，解释“大”的意思。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"The human figure is the pictorial basis. A person stretching to show size is a useful modern gesture, not proof of the original pose.","zh-Hans":"它的象形基础是人形。张开双臂比画大小可帮助记忆，但不能据此认定最初的姿势。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E5%A4%A7"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"大 began with a front-view human figure. CUHK connects this adult figure, contrasted with a child, to the meaning big. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"“大”起初像正面站立的人。中大字库把这个成年人形与小孩相对，解释“大”的意思。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 林1.9.6. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：林1.9.6。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%A4%A7-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/da-oracle.png","attribution":"大-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Western Zhou · source attribution","zh-Hans":"西周 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 作冊大方鼎 (early Western Zhou). The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：作冊大方鼎 (early Western Zhou)。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%A4%A7-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/da-bronze.png","attribution":"大-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: 沈澄心; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites S07467. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：S07467。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%A4%A7-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/da-seal.png","attribution":"大-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"大","simplified":"大","observation":{"en":"大 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「大」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"xiao","slug":"xiao-small","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/xiao-small","simplified":"小","traditional":"小","pinyin":{"value":"xiǎo","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"small","zh-Hans":"小"},"category":{"id":"size","label":{"en":"Size","zh-Hans":"大小"},"collectionGroup":"numbers-position"},"summary":{"en":"Early 小 used a few tiny marks to convey smallness. Scholars differ on whether these were general small things or grains of sand.","zh-Hans":"早期的“小”用几个细小的点画表示微小。学者对它们是泛指小物，还是沙粒，有不同解释。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"Smallness is clear; the exact things represented by the marks are uncertain.","zh-Hans":"表示微小的意思很清楚，点画具体代表什么则不能确定。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E5%B0%8F"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Early 小 used a few tiny marks to convey smallness. Scholars differ on whether these were general small things or grains of sand. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"早期的“小”用几个细小的点画表示微小。学者对它们是泛指小物，还是沙粒，有不同解释。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites j01401. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：j01401。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%B0%8F-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/xiao-oracle.png","attribution":"小-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Chanueting; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites b00856. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：b00856。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%B0%8F-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/xiao-bronze.png","attribution":"小-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Chanueting; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites s00785. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：s00785。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%B0%8F-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/xiao-seal.png","attribution":"小-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"小","simplified":"小","observation":{"en":"小 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「小」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"jia","slug":"jia-home","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/jia-home","simplified":"家","traditional":"家","pinyin":{"value":"jiā","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"home / family","zh-Hans":"家；家庭"},"category":{"id":"home","label":{"en":"Home","zh-Hans":"房屋"},"collectionGroup":"homes-objects"},"summary":{"en":"Early 家 placed a pig or boar beneath a roof. The components are recognizable, but their combination may involve both household imagery and a sound connection.","zh-Hans":"早期的“家”把猪或公猪放在屋顶之下。部件可以辨认，但组合方式可能兼有家居形象和读音上的联系。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"The picture alone cannot establish why a pig was chosen, or how all ancient families lived.","zh-Hans":"只凭字形，不能确定为什么选用猪，也不能推断所有古代家庭的居住方式。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E5%AE%B6"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Early 家 placed a pig or boar beneath a roof. The components are recognizable, but their combination may involve both household imagery and a sound connection. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"早期的“家”把猪或公猪放在屋顶之下。部件可以辨认，但组合方式可能兼有家居形象和读音上的联系。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites J17442. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：J17442。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%AE%B6-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/jia-oracle.svg","attribution":"家-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Micheletb; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Western Zhou · source attribution","zh-Hans":"西周 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 㝬簋, 集成04317. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：㝬簋, 集成04317。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%AE%B6-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/jia-bronze.svg","attribution":"家-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Micheletb; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites S05205. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：S05205。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%AE%B6-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/jia-seal.svg","attribution":"家-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Micheletb; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"家","simplified":"家","observation":{"en":"家 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「家」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"fang","slug":"fang-house","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/fang-house","simplified":"房","traditional":"房","pinyin":{"value":"fáng","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"house / room","zh-Hans":"房屋；房间"},"category":{"id":"home","label":{"en":"Home","zh-Hans":"房屋"},"collectionGroup":"homes-objects"},"summary":{"en":"房 combines 戶, a door-related meaning component, with 方, a sound clue. It first referred to a side room and later broadened to rooms and houses.","zh-Hans":"“房”结合表示门的“戶”和提示读音的“方”。它最初指正室旁的房间，后来泛指房间和房屋。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"方 helps with sound. It is not evidence that the character pictures a square house.","zh-Hans":"“方”主要提示读音，不能据此把这个字解释为方形房子的图画。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E6%88%BF"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"房 combines 戶, a door-related meaning component, with 方, a sound clue. It first referred to a side room and later broadened to rooms and houses. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"“房”结合表示门的“戶”和提示读音的“方”。它最初指正室旁的房间，后来泛指房间和房屋。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"gap","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Evidence gap in this collection","zh-Hans":"本集的证据空缺"},"description":{"en":"No sufficiently identified, reusable example is included here. The collection leaves this gap open rather than substituting a look-alike.","zh-Hans":"这里未收录身份已充分核实、可再利用的字例。我们保留空缺，不用相似字形代替。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E6%88%BF"}]},{"id":"bronze","kind":"gap","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Evidence gap in this collection","zh-Hans":"本集的证据空缺"},"description":{"en":"No sufficiently identified, reusable example is included here. The collection leaves this gap open rather than substituting a look-alike.","zh-Hans":"这里未收录身份已充分核实、可再利用的字例。我们保留空缺，不用相似字形代替。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E6%88%BF"}]},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites S08694. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：S08694。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E6%88%BF-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/fang-seal.png","attribution":"房-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wikiuser3315; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"房","simplified":"房","observation":{"en":"房 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「房」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"hu","slug":"hu-household","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/hu-household","simplified":"户","traditional":"戶","pinyin":{"value":"hù","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"household / door","zh-Hans":"住户；门"},"category":{"id":"home","label":{"en":"Home","zh-Hans":"房屋"},"collectionGroup":"homes-objects"},"summary":{"en":"戶 began as the picture of one door leaf. The doorway’s meaning later extended to the household that lived behind it.","zh-Hans":"“戶”起初像单扇的门。门口的意思后来延伸到门内居住的人家，也就是住户。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"One door leaf is the original picture; household is a later extension. 戸 is a variant form.","zh-Hans":"单扇门是原来的图画，住户是后来的引申义。“戸”是异体写法。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E6%88%B6"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"戶 began as the picture of one door leaf. The doorway’s meaning later extended to the household that lived behind it. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"“戶”起初像单扇的门。门口的意思后来延伸到门内居住的人家，也就是住户。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"gap","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Evidence gap in this collection","zh-Hans":"本集的证据空缺"},"description":{"en":"No sufficiently identified, reusable example is included here. The collection leaves this gap open rather than substituting a look-alike.","zh-Hans":"这里未收录身份已充分核实、可再利用的字例。我们保留空缺，不用相似字形代替。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E6%88%B6"}]},{"id":"bronze","kind":"gap","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Evidence gap in this collection","zh-Hans":"本集的证据空缺"},"description":{"en":"No sufficiently identified, reusable example is included here. The collection leaves this gap open rather than substituting a look-alike.","zh-Hans":"这里未收录身份已充分核实、可再利用的字例。我们保留空缺，不用相似字形代替。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E6%88%B6"}]},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites s08690. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：s08690。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E6%88%B6-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/hu-seal.png","attribution":"戶-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Micheletb; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"戶","simplified":"户","observation":{"en":"Look at the different treatment of the top stroke in 戶 and 户. Traditional and simplified are modern written conventions; not every difference is a reduction.","zh-Hans":"比较「戶」和「户」上方笔画的不同写法。繁简属于现代字形规范，并不是每种差别都意味着笔画减少。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"fu-father","slug":"fu-father","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/fu-father","simplified":"父","traditional":"父","pinyin":{"value":"fù","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"father","zh-Hans":"父亲"},"category":{"id":"people","label":{"en":"People & family","zh-Hans":"人物与亲属"},"collectionGroup":"people-culture"},"summary":{"en":"Early 父 shows a hand holding an object. CUHK favors a stone axe as the object and interprets the image as a symbol for a father or male elder.","zh-Hans":"早期「父」像一只手拿着器物。香港中文大学字库倾向于把器物解释为石斧，以此作为父亲或男性长辈的象征。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"The held object is debated: a staff and a torch are other scholarly proposals.","zh-Hans":"手持之物尚有争论，也有学者解释为手杖或火炬。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E7%88%B6","https://www.htu.edu.cn/yw/2025/0624/c14252a350570/page.htm"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Early 父 shows a hand holding an object. CUHK favors a stone axe as the object and interprets the image as a symbol for a father or male elder. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"早期「父」像一只手拿着器物。香港中文大学字库倾向于把器物解释为石斧，以此作为父亲或男性长辈的象征。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[{"role":"additional reference","url":"https://www.htu.edu.cn/yw/2025/0624/c14252a350570/page.htm"}]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 乙405 合19941 𠂤組. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：乙405 合19941 𠂤組。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%88%B6-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/fu-father-oracle.svg","attribution":"父-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%88%B6-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/fu-father-bronze.svg","attribution":"父-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Alexmadon; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites 《說文解字》傳本小篆「父」（依 Commons 標示）. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：《說文解字》傳本小篆「父」（依 Commons 標示）。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%88%B6-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/fu-father-seal.png","attribution":"父-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Alexmadon; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"父","simplified":"父","observation":{"en":"父 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「父」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"mu-mother","slug":"mu-mother","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/mu-mother","simplified":"母","traditional":"母","pinyin":{"value":"mǔ","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"mother","zh-Hans":"母亲"},"category":{"id":"people","label":{"en":"People & family","zh-Hans":"人物与亲属"},"collectionGroup":"people-culture"},"summary":{"en":"Early 母 uses the kneeling female figure of 女 with two added marks indicating breasts. The marks distinguish a nursing mother from the more general female figure.","zh-Hans":"早期「母」在「女」的跪坐人形上加两个点，指示乳房。用哺乳的特征，把母亲与一般的女性人形区分开来。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"母 and 女 were not always distinguished in early writing.","zh-Hans":"早期文字中，「母」和「女」有时还没有严格分开。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E6%AF%8D"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Early 母 uses the kneeling female figure of 女 with two added marks indicating breasts. The marks distinguish a nursing mother from the more general female figure. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"早期「母」在「女」的跪坐人形上加两个点，指示乳房。用哺乳的特征，把母亲与一般的女性人形区分开来。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 明藏255. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：明藏255。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E6%AF%8D-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/mu-mother-oracle.png","attribution":"母-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E6%AF%8D-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/mu-mother-bronze.png","attribution":"母-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Alexmadon; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites 《說文解字》傳本小篆「母」（依 Commons 標示）. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：《說文解字》傳本小篆「母」（依 Commons 標示）。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E6%AF%8D-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/mu-mother-seal.png","attribution":"母-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Alexmadon; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"母","simplified":"母","observation":{"en":"母 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「母」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"zu","slug":"zu-ancestor","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/zu-ancestor","simplified":"祖","traditional":"祖","pinyin":{"value":"zǔ","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"ancestor / forefather","zh-Hans":"祖先"},"category":{"id":"people","label":{"en":"People & family","zh-Hans":"人物与亲属"},"collectionGroup":"people-culture"},"summary":{"en":"祖 combines the ritual element 示 with 且 as a sound element. Bronze inscriptions use it for ancestors and grandfathers. CUHK tentatively connects its origin with meat offered on a ritual stand.","zh-Hans":"「祖」由表示祭祀的「示」和表音的「且」组成。金文用它表示祖先、祖父。字库推测其字源与在俎上陈肉献祭有关。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"The ritual origin is a proposal. 祖 covers earlier ancestors; the usual modern word for grandfather is 祖父.","zh-Hans":"陈肉献祭的字源解释仍是推测。「祖」可泛指先祖；现代汉语中“祖父”才是通常所说的爷爷。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E7%A5%96"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"祖 combines the ritual element 示 with 且 as a sound element. Bronze inscriptions use it for ancestors and grandfathers. CUHK tentatively connects its origin with meat offered on a ritual stand. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"「祖」由表示祭祀的「示」和表音的「且」组成。金文用它表示祖先、祖父。字库推测其字源与在俎上陈肉献祭有关。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone · 且","zh-Hans":"甲骨文 · 「且」"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The source records 且, an earlier related graph, not the complete later spelling 祖. The file record cites 資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"来源记录的是较早的相关字形「且」，并不是后来完整写法「祖」。 文件记录标注：資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%A5%96-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/zu-oracle.png","attribution":"祖-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Micheletb; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%A5%96-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/zu-bronze.png","attribution":"祖-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Micheletb; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites 《說文解字》傳本小篆「祖」（依 Commons 標示）. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：《說文解字》傳本小篆「祖」（依 Commons 標示）。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%A5%96-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/zu-seal.png","attribution":"祖-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: 沈澄心; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"祖","simplified":"祖","observation":{"en":"祖 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「祖」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"xiong","slug":"xiong-older-brother","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/xiong-older-brother","simplified":"兄","traditional":"兄","pinyin":{"value":"xiōng","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"older brother","zh-Hans":"哥哥"},"category":{"id":"people","label":{"en":"People & family","zh-Hans":"人物与亲属"},"collectionGroup":"people-culture"},"summary":{"en":"Early 兄 combines a standing person and a prominent mouth. CUHK follows an interpretation that connects the speaking figure with an elder brother's role in directing younger brothers.","zh-Hans":"早期「兄」由站立的人形和突出的口形组成。字库采用的一种解释，把开口说话的人与兄长督率诸弟的职责联系起来。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"The person and mouth are visible components; the explanation of that social role is an interpretation.","zh-Hans":"人形和口形是可见的构件；把它们联系到兄长职责，是对造字用意的解释。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E5%85%84"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Early 兄 combines a standing person and a prominent mouth. CUHK follows an interpretation that connects the speaking figure with an elder brother's role in directing younger brothers. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"早期「兄」由站立的人形和突出的口形组成。字库采用的一种解释，把开口说话的人与兄长督率诸弟的职责联系起来。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%85%84-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/xiong-oracle.png","attribution":"兄-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Micheletb; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%85%84-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/xiong-bronze.png","attribution":"兄-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Micheletb; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites 《說文解字》傳本小篆「兄」（依 Commons 標示）. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：《說文解字》傳本小篆「兄」（依 Commons 標示）。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%85%84-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/xiong-seal.png","attribution":"兄-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Micheletb; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"兄","simplified":"兄","observation":{"en":"兄 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「兄」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"di-brother","slug":"di-brother","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/di-brother","simplified":"弟","traditional":"弟","pinyin":{"value":"dì","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"younger brother","zh-Hans":"弟弟"},"category":{"id":"people","label":{"en":"People & family","zh-Hans":"人物与亲属"},"collectionGroup":"people-culture"},"summary":{"en":"The traditional account links 弟 to successive turns of a leather binding. The idea of order was extended to a younger brother's place in the family; 第 later wrote the order-related meaning.","zh-Hans":"传统字书把「弟」解释为皮条依次缠束的形状，由次序引申到兄弟中的排行；后来表示次序的意义由「第」来记录。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"The connection between ordered binding and family order is the traditional interpretation.","zh-Hans":"用依次缠束来解释兄弟排行，是传统字书的说法。"},"sources":["https://dict.variants.moe.edu.tw/dictView.jsp?ID=13774&la=1","https://chardb.iis.sinica.edu.tw/evolution.jsp?cid=11059"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"The traditional account links 弟 to successive turns of a leather binding. The idea of order was extended to a younger brother's place in the family; 第 later wrote the order-related meaning. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"传统字书把「弟」解释为皮条依次缠束的形状，由次序引申到兄弟中的排行；后来表示次序的意义由「第」来记录。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[{"role":"additional reference","url":"https://chardb.iis.sinica.edu.tw/evolution.jsp?cid=11059"}]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"gap","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Evidence gap in this collection","zh-Hans":"本集的证据空缺"},"description":{"en":"No sufficiently identified, reusable example is included here. The collection leaves this gap open rather than substituting a look-alike.","zh-Hans":"这里未收录身份已充分核实、可再利用的字例。我们保留空缺，不用相似字形代替。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://dict.variants.moe.edu.tw/dictView.jsp?ID=13774&la=1"}]},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%BC%9F-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/di-brother-bronze.png","attribution":"弟-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Tradittore; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites 《說文解字》傳本小篆「弟」（依 Commons 標示）. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：《說文解字》傳本小篆「弟」（依 Commons 標示）。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%BC%9F-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/di-brother-seal.png","attribution":"弟-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Tradittore; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"弟","simplified":"弟","observation":{"en":"弟 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「弟」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"zi-sister","slug":"zi-sister","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/zi-sister","simplified":"姊","traditional":"姊","pinyin":{"value":"zǐ","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"older sister","zh-Hans":"姐姐"},"category":{"id":"people","label":{"en":"People & family","zh-Hans":"人物与亲属"},"collectionGroup":"people-culture"},"summary":{"en":"Bronze-script 姊 combines 女, indicating a female person, with the sound element 𠂔. Its meaning is an older sister.","zh-Hans":"金文「姊」以「女」表示女性，以「𠂔」表音，本义是年长于自己的同胞姐妹。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"The right component is 𠂔. Modern Mandarin commonly uses 姐姐; 姊 is frequent in written usage.","zh-Hans":"右边的构件是「𠂔」。现代汉语常说“姐姐”，「姊」多见于书面用语。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E5%A7%8A","https://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/dictView.jsp?ID=9430&q=1&word=%E5%A7%8A"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Bronze-script 姊 combines 女, indicating a female person, with the sound element 𠂔. Its meaning is an older sister. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"金文「姊」以「女」表示女性，以「𠂔」表音，本义是年长于自己的同胞姐妹。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[{"role":"additional reference","url":"https://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/dictView.jsp?ID=9430&q=1&word=%E5%A7%8A"}]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"gap","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Evidence gap in this collection","zh-Hans":"本集的证据空缺"},"description":{"en":"No sufficiently identified, reusable example is included here. The collection leaves this gap open rather than substituting a look-alike.","zh-Hans":"这里未收录身份已充分核实、可再利用的字例。我们保留空缺，不用相似字形代替。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E5%A7%8A"}]},{"id":"bronze","kind":"gap","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Evidence gap in this collection","zh-Hans":"本集的证据空缺"},"description":{"en":"No sufficiently identified, reusable example is included here. The collection leaves this gap open rather than substituting a look-alike.","zh-Hans":"这里未收录身份已充分核实、可再利用的字例。我们保留空缺，不用相似字形代替。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E5%A7%8A"}]},{"id":"seal","kind":"gap","label":{"en":"Small seal","zh-Hans":"小篆"},"period":{"en":"Evidence gap in this collection","zh-Hans":"本集的证据空缺"},"description":{"en":"No sufficiently identified, reusable example is included here. The collection leaves this gap open rather than substituting a look-alike.","zh-Hans":"这里未收录身份已充分核实、可再利用的字例。我们保留空缺，不用相似字形代替。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E5%A7%8A"}]}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"姊","simplified":"姊","observation":{"en":"姊 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「姊」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"mei","slug":"mei-younger-sister","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/mei-younger-sister","simplified":"妹","traditional":"妹","pinyin":{"value":"mèi","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"younger sister","zh-Hans":"妹妹"},"category":{"id":"people","label":{"en":"People & family","zh-Hans":"人物与亲属"},"collectionGroup":"people-culture"},"summary":{"en":"妹 combines 女 for a female person with 未 as a sound element. Bronze inscriptions already use it for a younger sister.","zh-Hans":"「妹」以「女」表示女性，以「未」表音，金文中已经用来表示妹妹。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"未 is the sound element. Its role reflects historical pronunciation.","zh-Hans":"「未」是声符，其表音关系反映了历史语音。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E5%A6%B9"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"妹 combines 女 for a female person with 未 as a sound element. Bronze inscriptions already use it for a younger sister. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"「妹」以「女」表示女性，以「未」表音，金文中已经用来表示妹妹。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 拾11.11, 合21568. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：拾11.11, 合21568。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%A6%B9-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/mei-oracle.png","attribution":"妹-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Frigoris; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Western Zhou · source attribution","zh-Hans":"西周 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 大盂鼎, 集成02837. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：大盂鼎, 集成02837。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%A6%B9-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/mei-bronze.png","attribution":"妹-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Frigoris; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"gap","label":{"en":"Small seal","zh-Hans":"小篆"},"period":{"en":"Evidence gap in this collection","zh-Hans":"本集的证据空缺"},"description":{"en":"No sufficiently identified, reusable example is included here. The collection leaves this gap open rather than substituting a look-alike.","zh-Hans":"这里未收录身份已充分核实、可再利用的字例。我们保留空缺，不用相似字形代替。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E5%A6%B9"}]}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"妹","simplified":"妹","observation":{"en":"妹 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「妹」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"nv","slug":"nv-woman","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/nv-woman","simplified":"女","traditional":"女","pinyin":{"value":"nǚ","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"woman / female","zh-Hans":"女子 · 女性"},"category":{"id":"people","label":{"en":"People & family","zh-Hans":"人物与亲属"},"collectionGroup":"people-culture"},"summary":{"en":"Early 女 depicts a kneeling female figure, with the legs folded under the body and the hands together in front. Later writing simplified the seated outline.","zh-Hans":"早期「女」像跪坐的女子，双腿折在身下，两手交叠在身前。后来的写法逐渐简化了坐姿轮廓。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"The posture belongs to the drawing; the character alone does not establish a woman's social status.","zh-Hans":"跪坐是字形所描画的姿态，仅凭这个字形不能确定女子的社会地位。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E5%A5%B3"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Early 女 depicts a kneeling female figure, with the legs folded under the body and the hands together in front. Later writing simplified the seated outline. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"早期「女」像跪坐的女子，双腿折在身下，两手交叠在身前。后来的写法逐渐简化了坐姿轮廓。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 前7.36.1 合3298 賓組. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：前7.36.1 合3298 賓組。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%A5%B3-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/nv-oracle.png","attribution":"女-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%A5%B3-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/nv-bronze.png","attribution":"女-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Crotalus horridus~commonswiki; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites According to Shuowen Jiezi(說文), the seal type of this character(女) is this: http://images.gg-art.com/g/gbibx8bm.jpg. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：According to Shuowen Jiezi(說文), the seal type of this character(女) is this: http://images.gg-art.com/g/gbibx8bm.jpg。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%A5%B3-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/nv-seal.png","attribution":"女-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Chanueting; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"女","simplified":"女","observation":{"en":"女 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「女」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"zi-child","slug":"zi-child","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/zi-child","simplified":"子","traditional":"子","pinyin":{"value":"zǐ","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"son / child","zh-Hans":"儿子 · 孩子"},"category":{"id":"people","label":{"en":"People & family","zh-Hans":"人物与亲属"},"collectionGroup":"people-culture"},"summary":{"en":"Early 子 pictures a young child with a large head and outstretched arms. Different early forms show the lower body in different ways; some also indicate hair and separate legs.","zh-Hans":"早期「子」像头部较大、伸出双臂的幼儿。不同早期字形对下半身的画法不同，有的还画出头发和分开的双腿。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"The picture begins with a baby or young child. The word can mean offspring and, especially in modern usage, a son.","zh-Hans":"字形描画的是婴幼儿；字义可指孩子、后代，现代用法中常特指儿子。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E5%AD%90","https://stroke-order.learningweb.moe.edu.tw/dictMean.jsp?ID=23376"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Early 子 pictures a young child with a large head and outstretched arms. Different early forms show the lower body in different ways; some also indicate hair and separate legs. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"早期「子」像头部较大、伸出双臂的幼儿。不同早期字形对下半身的画法不同，有的还画出头发和分开的双腿。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[{"role":"additional reference","url":"https://stroke-order.learningweb.moe.edu.tw/dictMean.jsp?ID=23376"}]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 乙6702. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：乙6702。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%AD%90-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/zi-child-oracle.png","attribution":"子-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Western Zhou · source attribution","zh-Hans":"西周 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites Possibly 伯晨鼎, 集成02816. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：Possibly 伯晨鼎, 集成02816。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%AD%90-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/zi-child-bronze.png","attribution":"子-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Chanueting; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites 《說文解字》傳本小篆「子」（依 Commons 標示）. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：《說文解字》傳本小篆「子」（依 Commons 標示）。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%AD%90-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/zi-child-seal.png","attribution":"子-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Chanueting; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"子","simplified":"子","observation":{"en":"子 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「子」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"lao","slug":"lao-old","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/lao-old","simplified":"老","traditional":"老","pinyin":{"value":"lǎo","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"old / elderly","zh-Hans":"年老"},"category":{"id":"people","label":{"en":"People & family","zh-Hans":"人物与亲属"},"collectionGroup":"people-culture"},"summary":{"en":"Early 老 depicts a bent-backed person with long hair and a walking stick. The figure represents an elderly person.","zh-Hans":"早期「老」像背部弯曲、头发较长、手持拐杖的人，表示老人。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"The modern lower component developed from the stick in the early figure; it need not be read as a separate object.","zh-Hans":"今天字形下部与早期人形所持的杖有关，不必把它另当作一个物体来解释。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E8%80%81"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Early 老 depicts a bent-backed person with long hair and a walking stick. The figure represents an elderly person. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"早期「老」像背部弯曲、头发较长、手持拐杖的人，表示老人。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E8%80%81-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/lao-oracle.png","attribution":"老-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Chanueting; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Western Zhou · source attribution","zh-Hans":"西周 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 殳季良父壺 (late Western Zhou). The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：殳季良父壺 (late Western Zhou)。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E8%80%81-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/lao-bronze.png","attribution":"老-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites 《說文解字》傳本小篆「老」（依 Commons 標示）. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：《說文解字》傳本小篆「老」（依 Commons 標示）。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E8%80%81-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/lao-seal.png","attribution":"老-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: 沈澄心; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"老","simplified":"老","observation":{"en":"老 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「老」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"you","slug":"you-young","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/you-young","simplified":"幼","traditional":"幼","pinyin":{"value":"yòu","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"young","zh-Hans":"年幼"},"category":{"id":"people","label":{"en":"People & family","zh-Hans":"人物与亲属"},"collectionGroup":"people-culture"},"summary":{"en":"Early 幼 contains a thread-like 幺 and the tool-shaped element 力. One interpretation sees a digging tool tied with a cord; another relates the combination to small strength. Bronze inscriptions use 幼 for the young.","zh-Hans":"早期「幼」由丝线形的「幺」和农具形的「力」组成。一说像绑着绳索的耒，另一说表示力量微小。金文中「幼」已用于年少、幼小。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"CUHK explicitly states that the original meaning and the reason for the construction remain unsettled.","zh-Hans":"字库明确指出，「幼」的造字本义尚无定论。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E5%B9%BC"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Early 幼 contains a thread-like 幺 and the tool-shaped element 力. One interpretation sees a digging tool tied with a cord; another relates the combination to small strength. Bronze inscriptions use 幼 for the young. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"早期「幼」由丝线形的「幺」和农具形的「力」组成。一说像绑着绳索的耒，另一说表示力量微小。金文中「幼」已用于年少、幼小。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%B9%BC-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/you-oracle.png","attribution":"幼-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Micheletb; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 幼. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：幼。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%B9%BC-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/you-bronze.png","attribution":"幼-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Micheletb; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites 《說文解字》傳本小篆「幼」（依 Commons 標示）. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：《說文解字》傳本小篆「幼」（依 Commons 標示）。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%B9%BC-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/you-seal.png","attribution":"幼-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Micheletb; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"幼","simplified":"幼","observation":{"en":"幼 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「幼」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"xin","slug":"xin-heart","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/xin-heart","simplified":"心","traditional":"心","pinyin":{"value":"xīn","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"heart","zh-Hans":"心脏"},"category":{"id":"body","label":{"en":"Body","zh-Hans":"身体"},"collectionGroup":"body-actions"},"summary":{"en":"Early 心 is a stylized picture of a heart. The same word came to express thoughts and feelings, reflecting the ancient view of the heart as the seat of mental activity.","zh-Hans":"早期「心」是心脏的简化图形。古人把思维和情感与心联系起来，因此「心」也用来表示心思、思想和感情。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"It represents the bodily organ; its abstract meanings include mind, intention, and feeling.","zh-Hans":"字形描画身体中的心脏；抽象义包括心思、意愿和感情。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E5%BF%83"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Early 心 is a stylized picture of a heart. The same word came to express thoughts and feelings, reflecting the ancient view of the heart as the seat of mental activity. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"早期「心」是心脏的简化图形。古人把思维和情感与心联系起来，因此「心」也用来表示心思、思想和感情。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 甲3510 合6 賓組. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：甲3510 合6 賓組。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%BF%83-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/xin-oracle.png","attribution":"心-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 師望鼎 西周中期 集成2812. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：師望鼎 西周中期 集成2812。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%BF%83-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/xin-bronze.png","attribution":"心-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Pmx; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites 《說文解字》傳本小篆「心」（依 Commons 標示）. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：《說文解字》傳本小篆「心」（依 Commons 標示）。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%BF%83-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/xin-seal.png","attribution":"心-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"心","simplified":"心","observation":{"en":"心 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「心」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"er-ear","slug":"er-ear","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/er-ear","simplified":"耳","traditional":"耳","pinyin":{"value":"ěr","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"ear","zh-Hans":"耳朵"},"category":{"id":"body","label":{"en":"Body","zh-Hans":"身体"},"collectionGroup":"body-actions"},"summary":{"en":"Oracle-bone and bronze forms of 耳 depict the outline of an ear. The character is already used for ears in early inscriptions.","zh-Hans":"甲骨文和金文的「耳」描画耳朵的轮廓，早期铭刻中已经用来表示耳朵。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"As a component, 耳 often appears in characters connected with hearing.","zh-Hans":"「耳」作构件时，常见于与听觉有关的字。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E8%80%B3"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Oracle-bone and bronze forms of 耳 depict the outline of an ear. The character is already used for ears in early inscriptions. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"甲骨文和金文的「耳」描画耳朵的轮廓，早期铭刻中已经用来表示耳朵。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 存下73 合4059 賓組. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：存下73 合4059 賓組。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E8%80%B3-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/er-ear-oracle.png","attribution":"耳-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Western Zhou · source attribution","zh-Hans":"西周 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 亞耳且丁尊 (early Western Zhou). The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：亞耳且丁尊 (early Western Zhou)。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E8%80%B3-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/er-ear-bronze.png","attribution":"耳-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites 《說文解字》傳本小篆「耳」（依 Commons 標示）. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：《說文解字》傳本小篆「耳」（依 Commons 標示）。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E8%80%B3-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/er-ear-seal.png","attribution":"耳-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"耳","simplified":"耳","observation":{"en":"耳 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「耳」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"hao","slug":"hao-good","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/hao-good","simplified":"好","traditional":"好","pinyin":{"value":"hǎo","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"good","zh-Hans":"好 · 美好"},"category":{"id":"quality","label":{"en":"Quality","zh-Hans":"性质"},"collectionGroup":"people-culture"},"summary":{"en":"Early 好 combines 女, a female figure, and 子, a child. CUHK favors an interpretation of affection between mother and child as the image behind meanings such as good, pleasing, and friendly.","zh-Hans":"早期「好」由「女」和「子」组成。字库倾向于把字形解释为母子亲爱，并以此联系美好、亲善等意义。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"The original intention is debated, and CUHK notes that early uses do not directly attest “mother-child affection.”","zh-Hans":"造字用意有不同说法；字库也指出，古文字实际用例并未直接记录“母子相亲”这一意义。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E5%A5%BD"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Early 好 combines 女, a female figure, and 子, a child. CUHK favors an interpretation of affection between mother and child as the image behind meanings such as good, pleasing, and friendly. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"早期「好」由「女」和「子」组成。字库倾向于把字形解释为母子亲爱，并以此联系美好、亲善等意义。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%A5%BD-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/hao-oracle.png","attribution":"好-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Micheletb; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%A5%BD-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/hao-bronze.png","attribution":"好-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Micheletb; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites 《說文解字》傳本小篆「好」（依 Commons 標示）. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：《說文解字》傳本小篆「好」（依 Commons 標示）。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%A5%BD-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/hao-seal.png","attribution":"好-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Micheletb; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"好","simplified":"好","observation":{"en":"好 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「好」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"mei-beautiful","slug":"mei-beautiful","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/mei-beautiful","simplified":"美","traditional":"美","pinyin":{"value":"měi","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"beautiful","zh-Hans":"美丽"},"category":{"id":"quality","label":{"en":"Quality","zh-Hans":"性质"},"collectionGroup":"people-culture"},"summary":{"en":"CUHK reads early 美 as a standing person wearing an elaborate head ornament, perhaps feathers or horns. In this interpretation, an adorned person expresses beauty.","zh-Hans":"字库把早期「美」解释为站立的人头戴装饰物，可能是羽毛或角饰；通过经过装饰的人形来表示美丽。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"The precise ornament is uncertain. The later explanation “a large sheep is beautiful” is not the only account of the early form.","zh-Hans":"头饰的具体种类并不确定；后世“羊大为美”的解释，并不是早期字形唯一的说法。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E7%BE%8E","https://www.news.cn/20240709/ad1a99363e5c4eaca4b8a63d5ccaf93c/c.html"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"CUHK reads early 美 as a standing person wearing an elaborate head ornament, perhaps feathers or horns. In this interpretation, an adorned person expresses beauty. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"字库把早期「美」解释为站立的人头戴装饰物，可能是羽毛或角饰；通过经过装饰的人形来表示美丽。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[{"role":"additional reference","url":"https://www.news.cn/20240709/ad1a99363e5c4eaca4b8a63d5ccaf93c/c.html"}]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 前7.28.2, 合3100. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：前7.28.2, 合3100。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%BE%8E-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/mei-beautiful-oracle.png","attribution":"美-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Frigoris; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Western Zhou · source attribution","zh-Hans":"西周 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 美爵, 集成09087. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：美爵, 集成09087。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%BE%8E-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/mei-beautiful-bronze.png","attribution":"美-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Frigoris; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"gap","label":{"en":"Small seal","zh-Hans":"小篆"},"period":{"en":"Evidence gap in this collection","zh-Hans":"本集的证据空缺"},"description":{"en":"No sufficiently identified, reusable example is included here. The collection leaves this gap open rather than substituting a look-alike.","zh-Hans":"这里未收录身份已充分核实、可再利用的字例。我们保留空缺，不用相似字形代替。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E7%BE%8E"}]}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"美","simplified":"美","observation":{"en":"美 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「美」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"xing","slug":"xing-star","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/xing-star","simplified":"星","traditional":"星","pinyin":{"value":"xīng","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"star","zh-Hans":"星星"},"category":{"id":"nature","label":{"en":"Nature","zh-Hans":"自然"},"collectionGroup":"nature-seasons"},"summary":{"en":"Early 星 combines clustered star shapes, represented by 晶, with 生 as a sound element. The multiple lights were later reduced to the single 日-shaped part in 星.","zh-Hans":"早期「星」由表示群星的「晶」和表音的「生」组成。多个星形后来省成了今天「星」上部像「日」的部分。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"生 is the sound element. Early inscriptions also used 星 for clear weather.","zh-Hans":"「生」是声符。早期铭刻还用「星」记录天晴。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E6%98%9F"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Early 星 combines clustered star shapes, represented by 晶, with 生 as a sound element. The multiple lights were later reduced to the single 日-shaped part in 星. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"早期「星」由表示群星的「晶」和表音的「生」组成。多个星形后来省成了今天「星」上部像「日」的部分。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E6%98%9F-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/xing-oracle.png","attribution":"星-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Quinlan718; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"gap","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Evidence gap in this collection","zh-Hans":"本集的证据空缺"},"description":{"en":"No sufficiently identified, reusable example is included here. The collection leaves this gap open rather than substituting a look-alike.","zh-Hans":"这里未收录身份已充分核实、可再利用的字例。我们保留空缺，不用相似字形代替。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E6%98%9F"}]},{"id":"seal","kind":"gap","label":{"en":"Small seal","zh-Hans":"小篆"},"period":{"en":"Evidence gap in this collection","zh-Hans":"本集的证据空缺"},"description":{"en":"No sufficiently identified, reusable example is included here. The collection leaves this gap open rather than substituting a look-alike.","zh-Hans":"这里未收录身份已充分核实、可再利用的字例。我们保留空缺，不用相似字形代替。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E6%98%9F"}]}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"星","simplified":"星","observation":{"en":"星 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「星」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"lei","slug":"lei-thunder","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/lei-thunder","simplified":"雷","traditional":"雷","pinyin":{"value":"léi","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"thunder","zh-Hans":"雷声"},"category":{"id":"nature","label":{"en":"Nature","zh-Hans":"自然"},"collectionGroup":"nature-seasons"},"summary":{"en":"Early forms associated with 雷 combine a lightning-like line and round shapes. CUHK interprets the rounds as wheels suggesting a rumbling sound. Later forms added 雨, the rain element.","zh-Hans":"与「雷」有关的早期字形包含闪电形的线条和圆形。字库把圆形解释为车轮，以车轮声比拟雷声；后来又加上表示雨的「雨」。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"The wheel-and-rumble account is an interpretation. The modern 田-shaped lower part does not mean a field in this account.","zh-Hans":"以车轮声比拟雷声是一种解释；按此说，今字下部虽像「田」，却不表示农田。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E9%9B%B7"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Early forms associated with 雷 combine a lightning-like line and round shapes. CUHK interprets the rounds as wheels suggesting a rumbling sound. Later forms added 雨, the rain element. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"与「雷」有关的早期字形包含闪电形的线条和圆形。字库把圆形解释为车轮，以车轮声比拟雷声；后来又加上表示雨的「雨」。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"gap","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Evidence gap in this collection","zh-Hans":"本集的证据空缺"},"description":{"en":"No sufficiently identified, reusable example is included here. The collection leaves this gap open rather than substituting a look-alike.","zh-Hans":"这里未收录身份已充分核实、可再利用的字例。我们保留空缺，不用相似字形代替。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E9%9B%B7"}]},{"id":"bronze","kind":"gap","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Evidence gap in this collection","zh-Hans":"本集的证据空缺"},"description":{"en":"No sufficiently identified, reusable example is included here. The collection leaves this gap open rather than substituting a look-alike.","zh-Hans":"这里未收录身份已充分核实、可再利用的字例。我们保留空缺，不用相似字形代替。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E9%9B%B7"}]},{"id":"seal","kind":"gap","label":{"en":"Small seal","zh-Hans":"小篆"},"period":{"en":"Evidence gap in this collection","zh-Hans":"本集的证据空缺"},"description":{"en":"No sufficiently identified, reusable example is included here. The collection leaves this gap open rather than substituting a look-alike.","zh-Hans":"这里未收录身份已充分核实、可再利用的字例。我们保留空缺，不用相似字形代替。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E9%9B%B7"}]}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"雷","simplified":"雷","observation":{"en":"雷 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「雷」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"xi-evening","slug":"xi-evening","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/xi-evening","simplified":"夕","traditional":"夕","pinyin":{"value":"xī","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"evening","zh-Hans":"傍晚"},"category":{"id":"time","label":{"en":"Time & seasons","zh-Hans":"时间与季节"},"collectionGroup":"nature-seasons"},"summary":{"en":"夕 began with the same moon-shaped drawing as 月. Early writers used this image for evening, and the two written forms were gradually distinguished.","zh-Hans":"「夕」与「月」起初都用月亮形来书写。早期文字以月形表示傍晚，两个字形后来逐渐分化。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"Early 月 and 夕 cannot always be separated by counting inner strokes. Taiwan Mandarin also reads 夕 as xì.","zh-Hans":"早期「月」「夕」不能总靠内部笔画数来区别。台湾国语也将「夕」读作 xì。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E5%A4%95","https://chardb.iis.sinica.edu.tw/char/9500"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"夕 began with the same moon-shaped drawing as 月. Early writers used this image for evening, and the two written forms were gradually distinguished. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"「夕」与「月」起初都用月亮形来书写。早期文字以月形表示傍晚，两个字形后来逐渐分化。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[{"role":"additional reference","url":"https://chardb.iis.sinica.edu.tw/char/9500"}]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%A4%95-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/xi-evening-oracle.png","attribution":"夕-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Chanueting; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%A4%95-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/xi-evening-bronze.png","attribution":"夕-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Chanueting; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites 《說文解字》傳本小篆「夕」（依 Commons 標示）. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：《說文解字》傳本小篆「夕」（依 Commons 標示）。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%A4%95-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/xi-evening-seal.png","attribution":"夕-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Yug; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"夕","simplified":"夕","observation":{"en":"夕 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「夕」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"she","slug":"she-shoot","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/she-shoot","simplified":"射","traditional":"射","pinyin":{"value":"shè","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"shoot","zh-Hans":"射箭"},"category":{"id":"action","label":{"en":"Action","zh-Hans":"动作"},"collectionGroup":"body-actions"},"summary":{"en":"Early 射 combines a bow and an arrow poised on its string. Some bronze forms add a hand pulling the string. Later changes produced the modern 身 and 寸 shapes.","zh-Hans":"早期的「射」组合弓与弦上的箭。有些金文又加上拉弦的手。经过后来的字形变化，才形成今天像「身」与「寸」的部分。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"Look for the bow, arrow, and sometimes a hand; reading the modern parts alone hides this archery scene.","zh-Hans":"可以寻找弓、箭，有时还有手；只拆解今天的部件，就不容易看出射箭的场景。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E5%B0%84"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Early 射 combines a bow and an arrow poised on its string. Some bronze forms add a hand pulling the string. Later changes produced the modern 身 and 寸 shapes. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"早期的「射」组合弓与弦上的箭。有些金文又加上拉弦的手。经过后来的字形变化，才形成今天像「身」与「寸」的部分。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 乙1290, 合974. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：乙1290, 合974。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%B0%84-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/she-oracle.png","attribution":"射-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Frigoris; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Western Zhou · source attribution","zh-Hans":"西周 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 十五年趞曹鼎, 集成02784. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：十五年趞曹鼎, 集成02784。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%B0%84-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/she-bronze.png","attribution":"射-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Frigoris; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"gap","label":{"en":"Small seal","zh-Hans":"小篆"},"period":{"en":"Evidence gap in this collection","zh-Hans":"本集的证据空缺"},"description":{"en":"No sufficiently identified, reusable example is included here. The collection leaves this gap open rather than substituting a look-alike.","zh-Hans":"这里未收录身份已充分核实、可再利用的字例。我们保留空缺，不用相似字形代替。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E5%B0%84"}]}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"射","simplified":"射","observation":{"en":"射 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「射」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"gong","slug":"gong-bow","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/gong-bow","simplified":"弓","traditional":"弓","pinyin":{"value":"gōng","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"bow","zh-Hans":"弓"},"category":{"id":"object","label":{"en":"Object","zh-Hans":"器物"},"collectionGroup":"homes-objects"},"summary":{"en":"Early 弓 draws a bow with its string. Later writing often leaves out the string, keeping the bent outline of the bow.","zh-Hans":"早期的「弓」画出带弦的弓。后来的写法常常省去弓弦，保留弯曲的弓身轮廓。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"Compare the curved bow and its straight string in the oldest forms; the modern character preserves mainly the bow’s outline.","zh-Hans":"观察古字中弯曲的弓身与直的弓弦；现代字形主要保留弓身的轮廓。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E5%BC%93"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Early 弓 draws a bow with its string. Later writing often leaves out the string, keeping the bent outline of the bow. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"早期的「弓」画出带弦的弓。后来的写法常常省去弓弦，保留弯曲的弓身轮廓。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%BC%93-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/gong-oracle.png","attribution":"弓-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Chanueting; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%BC%93-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/gong-bronze.png","attribution":"弓-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Chanueting; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites 《說文解字》傳本小篆「弓」（依 Commons 標示）. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：《說文解字》傳本小篆「弓」（依 Commons 標示）。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%BC%93-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/gong-seal.png","attribution":"弓-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Chanueting; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"弓","simplified":"弓","observation":{"en":"弓 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「弓」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"shi-arrow","slug":"shi-arrow","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/shi-arrow","simplified":"矢","traditional":"矢","pinyin":{"value":"shǐ","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"arrow","zh-Hans":"箭"},"category":{"id":"object","label":{"en":"Object","zh-Hans":"器物"},"collectionGroup":"homes-objects"},"summary":{"en":"Early 矢 pictures an arrow, with a pointed head, a long shaft, and feathered tail. The same object remains the character’s basic meaning.","zh-Hans":"早期的「矢」画出一支箭，有尖锐的箭头、长箭杆和尾羽。“箭”一直是这个字的基本含义。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"Ancient examples can face upward or downward; turning the drawing does not change which object it represents.","zh-Hans":"古文字中的箭有时朝上，有时朝下；方向变化并不改变它所表示的物品。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E7%9F%A2"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Early 矢 pictures an arrow, with a pointed head, a long shaft, and feathered tail. The same object remains the character’s basic meaning. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"早期的「矢」画出一支箭，有尖锐的箭头、长箭杆和尾羽。“箭”一直是这个字的基本含义。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 甲3117 合4787 賓組. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：甲3117 合4787 賓組。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%9F%A2-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/shi-arrow-oracle.png","attribution":"矢-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%9F%A2-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/shi-arrow-bronze.png","attribution":"矢-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Chanueting; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites 《說文解字》傳本小篆「矢」（依 Commons 標示）. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：《說文解字》傳本小篆「矢」（依 Commons 標示）。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%9F%A2-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/shi-arrow-seal.png","attribution":"矢-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Chanueting; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"矢","simplified":"矢","observation":{"en":"矢 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「矢」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"kai","slug":"kai-open","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/kai-open","simplified":"开","traditional":"開","pinyin":{"value":"kāi","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"open","zh-Hans":"打开"},"category":{"id":"action","label":{"en":"Action","zh-Hans":"动作"},"collectionGroup":"body-actions"},"summary":{"en":"Early 開 combines a doorway, a crossbar, and two hands removing the bar. The scene expresses opening a door.","zh-Hans":"早期的「開」组合门、门闩和移开门闩的双手，表现开门的动作。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"The outer 門 makes the doorway visible in traditional 開. Simplified 开 preserves a reduced form.","zh-Hans":"繁体「開」的外部「門」保留了门的形象；简体「开」采用简省的写法。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E9%96%8B"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Early 開 combines a doorway, a crossbar, and two hands removing the bar. The scene expresses opening a door. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"早期的「開」组合门、门闩和移开门闩的双手，表现开门的动作。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"gap","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Evidence gap in this collection","zh-Hans":"本集的证据空缺"},"description":{"en":"No sufficiently identified, reusable example is included here. The collection leaves this gap open rather than substituting a look-alike.","zh-Hans":"这里未收录身份已充分核实、可再利用的字例。我们保留空缺，不用相似字形代替。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E9%96%8B"}]},{"id":"bronze","kind":"gap","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Evidence gap in this collection","zh-Hans":"本集的证据空缺"},"description":{"en":"No sufficiently identified, reusable example is included here. The collection leaves this gap open rather than substituting a look-alike.","zh-Hans":"这里未收录身份已充分核实、可再利用的字例。我们保留空缺，不用相似字形代替。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E9%96%8B"}]},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites 《說文解字》傳本小篆「開」（依 Commons 標示）. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：《說文解字》傳本小篆「開」（依 Commons 標示）。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E9%96%8B-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/kai-seal.png","attribution":"開-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"開","simplified":"开","observation":{"en":"Compare 開 with 开: the simplified form has fewer strokes. Both are modern character conventions, not successive calligraphic styles.","zh-Hans":"并排看「開」和「开」：现代简体笔画较少。两者是现代字形规范，并非先后替代的书法风格。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"guan","slug":"guan-close","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/guan-close","simplified":"关","traditional":"關","pinyin":{"value":"guān","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"close / shut","zh-Hans":"关闭"},"category":{"id":"action","label":{"en":"Action","zh-Hans":"动作"},"collectionGroup":"body-actions"},"summary":{"en":"Traditional 關 contains 門, a door, and an inner element used for sound. Its early history concerns securing a door; the word also came to name guarded passes.","zh-Hans":"繁体「關」由表示门的「門」和内部的声符组成。它的早期含义与关住门有关，后来也表示有人把守的关口。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"The inner shape has also been interpreted as locking bars, but CUHK marks that account as tentative. Simplified writing uses 关.","zh-Hans":"内部字形也有门闩、锁具的解释，但该字库把它列为待考的一说。简体写作「关」。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E9%97%9C"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Traditional 關 contains 門, a door, and an inner element used for sound. Its early history concerns securing a door; the word also came to name guarded passes. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"繁体「關」由表示门的「門」和内部的声符组成。它的早期含义与关住门有关，后来也表示有人把守的关口。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"gap","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Evidence gap in this collection","zh-Hans":"本集的证据空缺"},"description":{"en":"No sufficiently identified, reusable example is included here. The collection leaves this gap open rather than substituting a look-alike.","zh-Hans":"这里未收录身份已充分核实、可再利用的字例。我们保留空缺，不用相似字形代替。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E9%97%9C"}]},{"id":"bronze","kind":"gap","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Evidence gap in this collection","zh-Hans":"本集的证据空缺"},"description":{"en":"No sufficiently identified, reusable example is included here. The collection leaves this gap open rather than substituting a look-alike.","zh-Hans":"这里未收录身份已充分核实、可再利用的字例。我们保留空缺，不用相似字形代替。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E9%97%9C"}]},{"id":"seal","kind":"gap","label":{"en":"Small seal","zh-Hans":"小篆"},"period":{"en":"Evidence gap in this collection","zh-Hans":"本集的证据空缺"},"description":{"en":"No sufficiently identified, reusable example is included here. The collection leaves this gap open rather than substituting a look-alike.","zh-Hans":"这里未收录身份已充分核实、可再利用的字例。我们保留空缺，不用相似字形代替。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E9%97%9C"}]}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"關","simplified":"关","observation":{"en":"Compare 關 with 关: the simplified form has fewer strokes. Both are modern character conventions, not successive calligraphic styles.","zh-Hans":"并排看「關」和「关」：现代简体笔画较少。两者是现代字形规范，并非先后替代的书法风格。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"long","slug":"long-dragon","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/long-dragon","simplified":"龙","traditional":"龍","pinyin":{"value":"lóng","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"dragon","zh-Hans":"龙"},"category":{"id":"ritual-myth","label":{"en":"Ritual & myth","zh-Hans":"祭祀与传说"},"collectionGroup":"people-culture"},"summary":{"en":"Early 龍 pictures a dragon with a prominent head, an open mouth, and a long curling body. The image belongs to ancient beliefs about this rain-bringing mythical creature.","zh-Hans":"早期的「龍」画出头部突出、张着大嘴、身体长而卷曲的龙，表现古人相信能够兴云降雨的神兽。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"Follow the long body around the early drawing. Its later strokes changed greatly, and simplified writing uses 龙.","zh-Hans":"可以沿着古字寻找卷曲的长身；后来的笔画变化很大，简体写作「龙」。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E9%BE%8D","https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/oraclePiece.php?piece=%E9%BE%8D"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Early 龍 pictures a dragon with a prominent head, an open mouth, and a long curling body. The image belongs to ancient beliefs about this rain-bringing mythical creature. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"早期的「龍」画出头部突出、张着大嘴、身体长而卷曲的龙，表现古人相信能够兴云降雨的神兽。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[{"role":"additional reference","url":"https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/oraclePiece.php?piece=%E9%BE%8D"}]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 拾55. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：拾55。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E9%BE%8D-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/long-oracle.png","attribution":"龍-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Western Zhou · source attribution","zh-Hans":"西周 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 作龍母尊 (early Western Zhou). The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：作龍母尊 (early Western Zhou)。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E9%BE%8D-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/long-bronze.png","attribution":"龍-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites 《說文解字》傳本小篆「龍」（依 Commons 標示）. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：《說文解字》傳本小篆「龍」（依 Commons 標示）。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E9%BE%8D-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/long-seal.png","attribution":"龍-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"龍","simplified":"龙","observation":{"en":"Compare 龍 with 龙: the simplified form has fewer strokes. Both are modern character conventions, not successive calligraphic styles.","zh-Hans":"并排看「龍」和「龙」：现代简体笔画较少。两者是现代字形规范，并非先后替代的书法风格。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"hu-tiger","slug":"hu-tiger","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/hu-tiger","simplified":"虎","traditional":"虎","pinyin":{"value":"hǔ","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"tiger","zh-Hans":"老虎"},"category":{"id":"animal","label":{"en":"Animal","zh-Hans":"动物"},"collectionGroup":"animals-plants"},"summary":{"en":"Early 虎 pictures a tiger with its head, body, legs, and tail. Marks across the body suggest its stripes.","zh-Hans":"早期的「虎」画出老虎的头、身体、腿与尾巴，身上的线条表现虎纹。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"The lower strokes developed from the animal’s legs and tail; they were not originally a separate human figure.","zh-Hans":"下方的笔画来自虎的腿与尾巴，最初并不是另外一个人形。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E8%99%8E"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Early 虎 pictures a tiger with its head, body, legs, and tail. Marks across the body suggest its stripes. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"早期的「虎」画出老虎的头、身体、腿与尾巴，身上的线条表现虎纹。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"gap","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Evidence gap in this collection","zh-Hans":"本集的证据空缺"},"description":{"en":"No sufficiently identified, reusable example is included here. The collection leaves this gap open rather than substituting a look-alike.","zh-Hans":"这里未收录身份已充分核实、可再利用的字例。我们保留空缺，不用相似字形代替。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E8%99%8E"}]},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E8%99%8E-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/hu-tiger-bronze.png","attribution":"虎-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Justinrleung; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites 《說文解字》傳本小篆「虎」（依 Commons 標示）. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：《說文解字》傳本小篆「虎」（依 Commons 標示）。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E8%99%8E-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/hu-tiger-seal.png","attribution":"虎-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"虎","simplified":"虎","observation":{"en":"虎 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「虎」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"lu","slug":"lu-deer","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/lu-deer","simplified":"鹿","traditional":"鹿","pinyin":{"value":"lù","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"deer","zh-Hans":"鹿"},"category":{"id":"animal","label":{"en":"Animal","zh-Hans":"动物"},"collectionGroup":"animals-plants"},"summary":{"en":"Early 鹿 draws a deer from the side, emphasizing its branching antlers. Its head, body, and legs gradually became the strokes of the modern character.","zh-Hans":"早期的「鹿」画出侧面的鹿，特别突出分叉的角。头、身体与腿后来逐渐变成现代字的笔画。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"The branching antlers are the clearest clue. Ancient scribes sometimes reduced the number of visible antlers or legs.","zh-Hans":"分叉的角是最明显的线索；古代写法有时会简省画出的角或腿。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E9%B9%BF"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Early 鹿 draws a deer from the side, emphasizing its branching antlers. Its head, body, and legs gradually became the strokes of the modern character. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"早期的「鹿」画出侧面的鹿，特别突出分叉的角。头、身体与腿后来逐渐变成现代字的笔画。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E9%B9%BF-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/lu-oracle.png","attribution":"鹿-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Micheletb; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E9%B9%BF-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/lu-bronze.png","attribution":"鹿-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Micheletb; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites 《說文解字》傳本小篆「鹿」（依 Commons 標示）. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：《說文解字》傳本小篆「鹿」（依 Commons 標示）。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E9%B9%BF-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/lu-seal.png","attribution":"鹿-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Micheletb; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"鹿","simplified":"鹿","observation":{"en":"鹿 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「鹿」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"qiu-mound","slug":"qiu-mound","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/qiu-mound","simplified":"丘","traditional":"丘","pinyin":{"value":"qiū","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"mound / small hill","zh-Hans":"山丘"},"category":{"id":"nature","label":{"en":"Nature","zh-Hans":"自然"},"collectionGroup":"nature-seasons"},"summary":{"en":"Early 丘 resembles two small rises in the land. CUHK contrasts its two peaks with the three-peak drawing of 山, a mountain.","zh-Hans":"早期的「丘」像地面上两个小小的隆起。该字库把它的双峰形与「山」的三峰形作比较。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"Two humps help identify this ancient outline; they are a writing convention rather than a count of real hills.","zh-Hans":"两个隆起有助于辨认古字轮廓；它们是字形特征，并非要求现实中恰好有两座丘陵。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E4%B8%98"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Early 丘 resembles two small rises in the land. CUHK contrasts its two peaks with the three-peak drawing of 山, a mountain. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"早期的「丘」像地面上两个小小的隆起。该字库把它的双峰形与「山」的三峰形作比较。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E4%B8%98-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/qiu-mound-oracle.png","attribution":"丘-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Micheletb; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 子禾子釜 (Warring States). The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：子禾子釜 (Warring States)。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E4%B8%98-bronze-warring.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/qiu-mound-bronze.png","attribution":"丘-bronze-warring.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites 《說文解字》傳本小篆「丘」（依 Commons 標示）. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：《說文解字》傳本小篆「丘」（依 Commons 標示）。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E4%B8%98-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/qiu-mound-seal.png","attribution":"丘-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"丘","simplified":"丘","observation":{"en":"丘 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「丘」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"ce","slug":"ce-bamboo-book","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/ce-bamboo-book","simplified":"册","traditional":"冊","pinyin":{"value":"cè","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"bamboo book / volume","zh-Hans":"简册"},"category":{"id":"object","label":{"en":"Object","zh-Hans":"器物"},"collectionGroup":"homes-objects"},"summary":{"en":"Early 冊 pictures narrow bamboo slips bound together with cords. Writing on these linked strips made a book; the character later also became a way to count volumes.","zh-Hans":"早期的「冊」画出用绳子编连的细长竹简。写在这些相连简片上的文字组成简册；这个字后来也用来计数书本。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"A “bamboo scroll” here means bound bamboo slips. Look for separate strips and binding cords, rather than a sheet of rolled paper.","zh-Hans":"这里的“竹简卷”指编连起来的竹简。应观察一片片简与编绳，而不是卷起的一张纸。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E5%86%8A"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Early 冊 pictures narrow bamboo slips bound together with cords. Writing on these linked strips made a book; the character later also became a way to count volumes. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"早期的「冊」画出用绳子编连的细长竹简。写在这些相连简片上的文字组成简册；这个字后来也用来计数书本。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%86%8A-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/ce-oracle.png","attribution":"冊-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Western Zhou · source attribution","zh-Hans":"西周 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 作冊夨令簋 (early Western Zhou). The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：作冊夨令簋 (early Western Zhou)。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%86%8A-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/ce-bronze.png","attribution":"冊-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites 《說文解字》傳本小篆「冊」（依 Commons 標示）. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：《說文解字》傳本小篆「冊」（依 Commons 標示）。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%86%8A-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/ce-seal.png","attribution":"冊-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"冊","simplified":"册","observation":{"en":"Compare the stroke arrangement in 冊 and 册. Both forms have 5 strokes.","zh-Hans":"比较「冊」和「册」的笔画排列。两种写法都是5画。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"ding","slug":"ding-cauldron","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/ding-cauldron","simplified":"鼎","traditional":"鼎","pinyin":{"value":"dǐng","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"cauldron / ding","zh-Hans":"鼎"},"category":{"id":"object","label":{"en":"Object","zh-Hans":"器物"},"collectionGroup":"homes-objects"},"summary":{"en":"Early 鼎 pictures a cooking vessel with a rounded body, handles, and supporting legs. Such vessels held or cooked food and were also used in ritual offerings.","zh-Hans":"早期的「鼎」画出有圆腹、提耳和支脚的烹饪器皿。这类器物用来煮食或盛食，也用于祭祀供献。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"The classic round ding has three legs and two handles; a flat drawing may not show every leg separately.","zh-Hans":"典型的圆鼎有三足两耳；平面的字形不一定把每条腿都单独画出。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E9%BC%8E","https://www.metmuseum.org/fr/perspectives/shapes-of-things"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Early 鼎 pictures a cooking vessel with a rounded body, handles, and supporting legs. Such vessels held or cooked food and were also used in ritual offerings. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"早期的「鼎」画出有圆腹、提耳和支脚的烹饪器皿。这类器物用来煮食或盛食，也用于祭祀供献。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[{"role":"additional reference","url":"https://www.metmuseum.org/fr/perspectives/shapes-of-things"}]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E9%BC%8E-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/ding-oracle.png","attribution":"鼎-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Alexmadon; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E9%BC%8E-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/ding-bronze.png","attribution":"鼎-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Alexmadon; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites 《說文解字》傳本小篆「鼎」（依 Commons 標示）. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：《說文解字》傳本小篆「鼎」（依 Commons 標示）。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E9%BC%8E-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/ding-seal.png","attribution":"鼎-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Alexmadon; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"鼎","simplified":"鼎","observation":{"en":"鼎 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「鼎」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"yi-clothes","slug":"yi-clothes","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/yi-clothes","simplified":"衣","traditional":"衣","pinyin":{"value":"yī","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"clothes / garment","zh-Hans":"衣服"},"category":{"id":"textile","label":{"en":"Clothing & textiles","zh-Hans":"衣饰与纺织"},"collectionGroup":"homes-objects"},"summary":{"en":"Early 衣 pictures an upper garment with a collar, two sleeves, and overlapping front panels. The word later covered clothing more broadly.","zh-Hans":"早期的「衣」画出上衣，有衣领、双袖和交叠的衣襟。字义后来泛指衣服。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"Look for the collar and crossing edges of the garment. The everyday noun “clothes” is read yī.","zh-Hans":"可以寻找衣领与交叠的衣襟。表示衣服这个名词时，读作 yī。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E8%A1%A3"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Early 衣 pictures an upper garment with a collar, two sleeves, and overlapping front panels. The word later covered clothing more broadly. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"早期的「衣」画出上衣，有衣领、双袖和交叠的衣襟。字义后来泛指衣服。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E8%A1%A3-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/yi-clothes-oracle.png","attribution":"衣-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Micheletb; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Western Zhou · source attribution","zh-Hans":"西周 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 頌壺 西周晚期 集成9731. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：頌壺 西周晚期 集成9731。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E8%A1%A3-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/yi-clothes-bronze.png","attribution":"衣-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: 沈澄心; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites 145. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：145。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E8%A1%A3-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/yi-clothes-seal.png","attribution":"衣-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: 沈澄心; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"衣","simplified":"衣","observation":{"en":"衣 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「衣」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"shi-food","slug":"shi-food","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/shi-food","simplified":"食","traditional":"食","pinyin":{"value":"shí","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"to eat / meal","zh-Hans":"吃／饭食"},"category":{"id":"food","label":{"en":"Food","zh-Hans":"饮食"},"collectionGroup":"people-culture"},"summary":{"en":"CUHK reads early 食 as a mouth approaching a food vessel, expressing eating.","zh-Hans":"中大字库把早期「食」解释为嘴靠近食器，表示进食。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"Another interpretation sees a lidded vessel; the upper shape’s role is debated.","zh-Hans":"另一说认为是带盖的食器；上部形状的含义仍有讨论。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E9%A3%9F"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"CUHK reads early 食 as a mouth approaching a food vessel, expressing eating. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"中大字库把早期「食」解释为嘴靠近食器，表示进食。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 乙478 合21021 𠂤組. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：乙478 合21021 𠂤組。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E9%A3%9F-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/shi-food-oracle.png","attribution":"食-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"gap","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Evidence gap in this collection","zh-Hans":"本集的证据空缺"},"description":{"en":"No sufficiently identified, reusable example is included here. The collection leaves this gap open rather than substituting a look-alike.","zh-Hans":"这里未收录身份已充分核实、可再利用的字例。我们保留空缺，不用相似字形代替。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E9%A3%9F"}]},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites 《說文解字》傳本小篆「食」（依 Commons 標示）. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：《說文解字》傳本小篆「食」（依 Commons 標示）。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E9%A3%9F-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/shi-food-seal.png","attribution":"食-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"食","simplified":"食","observation":{"en":"食 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「食」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"bu","slug":"bu-divination","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/bu-divination","simplified":"卜","traditional":"卜","pinyin":{"value":"bǔ","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"fortune telling / prophesy","zh-Hans":"占卜"},"category":{"id":"ritual-myth","label":{"en":"Ritual & myth","zh-Hans":"祭祀与传说"},"collectionGroup":"people-culture"},"summary":{"en":"Early 卜 follows the branching cracks made by heating bone or turtle shell for divination.","zh-Hans":"早期「卜」的形状对应占卜时烧灼龟甲兽骨产生的分叉裂纹。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"The illustrated crack is a memory aid, not an excavated inscription.","zh-Hans":"图中的裂纹帮助记忆，并不是出土铭刻。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E5%8D%9C"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Early 卜 follows the branching cracks made by heating bone or turtle shell for divination. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"早期「卜」的形状对应占卜时烧灼龟甲兽骨产生的分叉裂纹。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%8D%9C-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/bu-oracle.png","attribution":"卜-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%8D%9C-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/bu-bronze.png","attribution":"卜-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Chanueting; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites 《說文解字》傳本小篆「卜」（依 Commons 標示）. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：《說文解字》傳本小篆「卜」（依 Commons 標示）。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%8D%9C-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/bu-seal.png","attribution":"卜-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Chanueting; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"卜","simplified":"卜","observation":{"en":"卜 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「卜」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"wang-king","slug":"wang-king","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/wang-king","simplified":"王","traditional":"王","pinyin":{"value":"wáng","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"king / ruler","zh-Hans":"王／统治者"},"category":{"id":"society","label":{"en":"Society","zh-Hans":"社会"},"collectionGroup":"people-culture"},"summary":{"en":"CUHK reads early 王 as an axe with its blade downward, associated with royal authority.","zh-Hans":"中大字库把早期「王」解释为刃口向下的斧钺，并联系到王权。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"The ruler is a meaning illustration; the axe interpretation concerns the early written shape.","zh-Hans":"人物说明王的词义；斧钺说解释的是早期字形。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E7%8E%8B"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"CUHK reads early 王 as an axe with its blade downward, associated with royal authority. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"中大字库把早期「王」解释为刃口向下的斧钺，并联系到王权。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：資料庫字例；未核實對應出土器物。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%8E%8B-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/wang-king-oracle.png","attribution":"王-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Western Zhou · source attribution","zh-Hans":"西周 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 大盂鼎 (early Western Zhou). The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：大盂鼎 (early Western Zhou)。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%8E%8B-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/wang-king-bronze.png","attribution":"王-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites S. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：S。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%8E%8B-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/wang-king-seal.png","attribution":"王-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"王","simplified":"王","observation":{"en":"王 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「王」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"shi-show","slug":"shi-show","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/shi-show","simplified":"示","traditional":"示","pinyin":{"value":"shì","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"altar / show / display","zh-Hans":"祭祀符号／显示"},"category":{"id":"ritual-myth","label":{"en":"Ritual & myth","zh-Hans":"祭祀与传说"},"collectionGroup":"people-culture"},"summary":{"en":"CUHK connects early 示 with a ritual marker or spirit tablet. The character later means show or indicate.","zh-Hans":"中大字库把早期「示」联系到祭祀标志或神主牌位；后来也表示显示、指示。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"Scholars debate the original ritual object. The altar picture is a teaching illustration.","zh-Hans":"最初的祭祀物象有不同解释，祭台图片只作教学示意。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E7%A4%BA"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"CUHK connects early 示 with a ritual marker or spirit tablet. The character later means show or indicate. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"中大字库把早期「示」联系到祭祀标志或神主牌位；后来也表示显示、指示。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 後1.1.2 合7668. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：後1.1.2 合7668。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%A4%BA-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/shi-show-oracle.png","attribution":"示-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Shang · source attribution","zh-Hans":"商 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites 亞干示觚 (late Shang). The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：亞干示觚 (late Shang)。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%A4%BA-bronze-shang.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/shi-show-bronze.png","attribution":"示-bronze-shang.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites 《說文解字》傳本小篆「示」（依 Commons 標示）. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：《說文解字》傳本小篆「示」（依 Commons 標示）。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%A4%BA-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/shi-show-seal.png","attribution":"示-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"示","simplified":"示","observation":{"en":"示 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「示」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"di-earth","slug":"di-earth","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/di-earth","simplified":"地","traditional":"地","pinyin":{"value":"dì","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"earth / ground","zh-Hans":"大地 · 地面"},"category":{"id":"nature","label":{"en":"Nature","zh-Hans":"自然"},"collectionGroup":"nature-seasons"},"summary":{"en":"地 combines 土, indicating earth or soil, with 也 as a sound element. It refers to the ground and land, often in contrast with 天, the sky.","zh-Hans":"「地」以「土」表示土地，以「也」表音，指大地、地面，常与表示天空的「天」相对。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"The sound relationship is historical. 地 is read dì for ground, but de when used as the modern grammatical particle.","zh-Hans":"声符反映的是历史语音。「地」表示土地时读 dì，作现代汉语结构助词时读 de。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E5%9C%B0","https://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/dictView.jsp?ID=2142&la=1&powerMode=0"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"地 combines 土, indicating earth or soil, with 也 as a sound element. It refers to the ground and land, often in contrast with 天, the sky. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"「地」以「土」表示土地，以「也」表音，指大地、地面，常与表示天空的「天」相对。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[{"role":"additional reference","url":"https://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/dictView.jsp?ID=2142&la=1&powerMode=0"}]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"gap","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Evidence gap in this collection","zh-Hans":"本集的证据空缺"},"description":{"en":"No sufficiently identified, reusable example is included here. The collection leaves this gap open rather than substituting a look-alike.","zh-Hans":"这里未收录身份已充分核实、可再利用的字例。我们保留空缺，不用相似字形代替。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E5%9C%B0"}]},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions · 墬","zh-Hans":"金文 · 「墬」"},"period":{"en":"Western Zhou · source attribution","zh-Hans":"西周 · 据来源标注"},"description":{"en":"The source records 墬, an earlier related graph, not the complete later spelling 地. The file record cites 㝬簋 (late Western Zhou). The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"来源记录的是较早的相关字形「墬」，并不是后来完整写法「地」。 文件记录标注：㝬簋 (late Western Zhou)。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%9C%B0-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/di-earth-bronze.png","attribution":"地-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites 《說文解字》傳本小篆「地」（依 Commons 標示）. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：《說文解字》傳本小篆「地」（依 Commons 標示）。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%9C%B0-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/di-earth-seal.png","attribution":"地-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Wargaz; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"地","simplified":"地","observation":{"en":"地 has the same form in traditional and simplified conventions. Not every character has a separate simplified form.","zh-Hans":"「地」的繁简字形相同。并不是每个字都有不同的简化写法。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}},{"id":"si-silk","slug":"si-silk","url":"https://hellocangjie.com/characters/si-silk","simplified":"丝","traditional":"絲","pinyin":{"value":"sī","pronunciation":"modern Mandarin"},"meaning":{"en":"silk","zh-Hans":"丝"},"category":{"id":"textile","label":{"en":"Clothing & textiles","zh-Hans":"衣饰与纺织"},"collectionGroup":"homes-objects"},"summary":{"en":"Early 絲 places two thread-bundle shapes side by side. They represent silk threads; the modern traditional character still has two 糸 components. Simplified writing uses 丝.","zh-Hans":"早期的「絲」把两束丝线的形状并排放在一起，表示丝线。现代繁体「絲」仍有两个「糸」部件，简体写作「丝」。"},"evidenceNote":{"en":"The illustration is a teaching image of silk bundles. These selected reproductions have database references, but their individual artifacts and dates have not been verified.","zh-Hans":"插图是帮助理解的丝束示意图。这些字形摹本有数据库编号，但具体器物或卜骨及年代尚未核实。"},"sources":["https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E7%B5%B2","https://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/dictView.jsp?ID=9970&la=0&powerMode=0"],"forms":[{"id":"object","kind":"illustration","label":{"en":"Meaning illustration","zh-Hans":"词义示意图"},"period":{"en":"Original teaching illustration","zh-Hans":"原创教学插图"},"description":{"en":"Early 絲 places two thread-bundle shapes side by side. They represent silk threads; the modern traditional character still has two 糸 components. Simplified writing uses 丝. This picture introduces the meaning or a relationship, not a transcription of the earliest graph.","zh-Hans":"早期的「絲」把两束丝线的形状并排放在一起，表示丝线。现代繁体「絲」仍有两个「糸」部件，简体写作「丝」。 这幅图介绍词义或关系，并不是对最早字形的摹写。"},"sources":[{"role":"museum reference","url":"https://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/2016/animal-fibers/exhibition-themes"},{"role":"additional reference","url":"https://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/dictView.jsp?ID=9970&la=0&powerMode=0"}]},{"id":"oracle","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Oracle bone","zh-Hans":"甲骨文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites J27967. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：J27967。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%B5%B2-oracle.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/si-silk-oracle.png","attribution":"絲-oracle.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Tradittore; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"bronze","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Bronze inscriptions","zh-Hans":"金文"},"period":{"en":"Precise date not established","zh-Hans":"具体年代未核实"},"description":{"en":"The file record cites B18513. Its specific artifact or inscription has not been independently verified.","zh-Hans":"文件记录标注：B18513。 具体器物或铭文出处尚未独立核实。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%B5%B2-bronze.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/si-silk-bronze.png","attribution":"絲-bronze.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Tradittore; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."},{"id":"seal","kind":"historical","label":{"en":"Small seal · Shuowen","zh-Hans":"小篆 ·《说文》传本"},"period":{"en":"Received Shuowen tradition","zh-Hans":"《说文》小篆传本"},"description":{"en":"A reproduction of the received Shuowen small-seal form, not a photograph of a Qin inscription. The file record cites 《說文解字》傳本小篆「絲」（依 Commons 標示）. The attribution is recorded from that source; the original object was not inspected for this build.","zh-Hans":"这是《说文》传本小篆的摹形，并非秦代铭文照片。 文件记录标注：《說文解字》傳本小篆「絲」（依 Commons 標示）。 此处记录来源的归属说法；本次构建未检查原物。"},"sources":[{"role":"source","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%B5%B2-seal.svg"}],"image":"https://hellocangjie.com/glyphs/si-silk-seal.png","attribution":"絲-seal.svg — Wikimedia Commons; latest file uploader: Tradittore; public domain (PD-ancient-script). Source character model: Richard Sears / Chinese Etymology. See file page for all digital contributors."}],"modernConventions":{"kind":"modern","traditional":"絲","simplified":"丝","observation":{"en":"Compare 絲 with 丝: the simplified form has fewer strokes. Both are modern character conventions, not successive calligraphic styles.","zh-Hans":"并排看「絲」和「丝」：现代简体笔画较少。两者是现代字形规范，并非先后替代的书法风格。"},"notice":"Modern typeset characters, not historical calligraphy specimens."}}]}